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OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES 
Research and Analysis Branch 

R & A Eo. 2450 



t '* a; . „ 


POPULATION AiO MIGRATION IN JAPAN - 


Descrj-ption 

An analysis of pre-vrar and vrartime population trends 
in Japan in relation to military occupation. = 


5 September 1945 


This document contains information effecting the national defense 
of the United States within the meaning of the Espionagg Act, 50 
U. S. C. 31 and 32, as amended. Its transmission or the revelation 
of its contents in any manner to an unauthorized person is pro¬ 
hibited by law. 






Copy No. 



( 78206 ) 







CONFIDENTIAL 



SUiEvI/HY. 

I- factual DESCAIFTIOU 


TABLE OF CONTENTS 


Page 

iv 

1 


A. Population Situation and Trends in 1940 


1 


1. Number and Groivth.1 

2. Composition. 3 

a. Sex.3 

b. Age. <4 

c. Family.4 

3. Geographic Distribution . 5 

a. Areas. 5 

b. Urbanization . 6 

B. Vifartime Developments and Postv^ar Situation.8 

1. Namber and Grovdih .. 8 

2. Composition .. 11 

a. Sox .. 11 

b. Age ... 

3. Geographic Distribution , , . . .. 13 

a. Decentralization Prograjn. 13 

b. Dispersal and Air Raid Defense Prograjn. ,14 

c. Effects of the Incendiary Air Raids.20 

d. Post V/ar Problems and Developments. 23 


If 


*#»• 


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CONFIDEI'ITIAL 


TABLE OF CONTEIJTS 

APPENDI}[ 

POPULATION TABLES Al'JD CHARTS - JAPAN PROPER 

Table I. Population- of Regions and Prefectures by Sex, 1940 .... 27 

Table II, Population, Density, and Extent of Urbanization in 1940, 

by Prefectures..29 

Table III, Estimated Age Distribution of the Population, 1940 and 

1945 . . . . . 31 

Table IV, Kypothe'::ical Population by Prefectures, 1945 . 32 

Table V. Estimated Survivors of the 1945 Popula-tion by Single 

Years, 1945-1950 . 34 

Table VI. Population Changes by Prefectures, 1920-1940 . 36 

Table VII, Total Changes, Natural Increases, and lligration by 

Prefectures.3S 

Table VIII. Results of B-29 Attacks.40 

Chart I. Population of Japan, 1935^ hy five-year age groups 

Chart' II. . Estimated I opulation of Japan, 1945, hy five-year age 

groups 

Map I. Population Changes by Prefectures, 1935-1940 


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Population and Migration in Japan 

SUMMARY 

The war has halted or distorted the population trends which had 
been set in motion in Japan a century ago. The occupation forces and 
the Japanese G-overnment vdll face a variety of problems related directly 
or indirectly to population and migration movements during the war. 

Decisions on military security, food distribution, health measures, trans¬ 
portation, education, reconstruction, and labor supply vdll be influenced 
by the wartime dispersal of population and post-war population developments. 

The most serious effect of the war on Japan’s population undoubtedly 
v^as the destruction of urban areas by incendiary bombs with its resultant 
dispersal of population. Prior to March 1945 the evacuation of persons 
and facilities from the largest cities had not substantially altered the 
pattern of the increasing urbanization of Japan’s population. The growth 
of all cities, and particularly the development of the six metropolises and 
clusters of smaller cities around large cities, characterized the pre-v^ar 
period and most of the vrar period. After a few months of incendiary raids, 
hovrever, perhaps ten million Japanese were killed, vrounded, made homeless, 
or evacuated from the devastated cities. Tokyo had a population of only 
tv;o and one half million in July 1945, a decline of about 65 percent from 
its 1944 population. The imm.ediatc post-surrender actions of the Japanese 
Government indicated that evacuation from the largest cities was to continue 
and the return of evacuees to other cities was discouraged. As a long 
range policy the Government declared that the growth of large cities or 
clusters of cities v/as undesirable and should be prohibited. 


iv - 


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The loss of population due to military and civilian deaths, the 
deficit of hirths, and the excess of civilian deaths during the war vdll 
have a hardly perceptible effect on Japan’s total population, vrhich may 
reach ninety-five million by 1975-85. It is likely that the pressure of 
population on resources vdll continue to be an economic and political 
issue in Japan. 

The age structure of Japan vrhich heretofore has assumed the shape 
of a pyramid vdll now have an indentation in the youngest age groups be¬ 
cause of the deficit of births during the v^ar and a dent on the male side 
in the age groups most subject to military deaths. The excess of females 
over males vrhich was produced by the vrar and other factors may change the 
traditional social and economic position of young unmarried women vrho 
have never before been more numerous than young men. 


V - 


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COIIFIDEWTIAL 


I. FACTUAL. DESCRIPTI ON 

In a few years of vrar the population trends set in notion in Japan 
almost a centry ago have been halted or distorted. Birth and death rates, 
age and sex ratios internal and external migration have all been affected 
directly and indirectly by vrar, ^iDacthcr or not wartime changes have 

t 

permanent effects on the size and distribution of the Japanese population, 
there is no doubt that Military Government immediately vdll face a vddc 
range of problems related directly or indirectly to population and migration 
movements during the vrar. The dispersal of population will influence 
decisions on military security, food distribution, health measures, trans¬ 
portation, education, reconstruction, and labor supply. In turn, decisions 
on the distribution of population will have to be made in the light of the 
effect on other aspects of the military govcrrjnent program. It may be 
easier to evaluate recent population developments and to plan military 
government programs if long-run population trends in Japan arc reviewed 
briefly. 

A. Porulation Situation and Trends in 1940 

1. Humber and Grovrth . The population of Japan proper was slightly more 
than 73,000,000 in October 1940. It had more than doubled during the seventy 
years follovdng the Meiji restoration, at an annual rate of increase of 
over 1 percent. In the century and a quarter preceding 1846, it is believed' 
that there vras very little change in the size of the Japanese population; 
it varied from 25,000,000 to 27,000,000, according to the incidence of 
disease, plague, and famine. An increase of about 5,000,000 is said to have 
occurred betwe-en 1846 and 1872, at an annual rate of increase of about 
0.7 percent. During the next period, the era of rapid ina.ustrialization 


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1 " 

from 1870 to 1940, Japan's population rose to 73,114,000 , This increase -m 
after the Meiji Restoration vras in sharp contrast to the stationary popula- f 
tion of the earlier period, "but Japan's rate of population increase Kas less ^ 
rapid than that of v^estern countries in the corresponding period of their 
development. The slovrcr grovrth of Japan's population vras attributed to 
a less rapid development of sanitation, medical science, and health measures. 

The initial growth of population was attributable, in Japan as in 
other countries, to the improvement of economic and health conditions 
vhich accompanied industrialization. The death rate declined slowly at 
first, but the reduction vras gradually accelerated until _ the'death rate 
vras as much as twelve to sixteen per thousand bclov^ the birth rate. 

It appeared from population statistics, in Japan as v^ell as other countries, 
that the birth rate was rising and v/as in part responsible for the increasing 
rate of population grovrth. Demographers, however, have attributed the increaq'i 
in recorded births to the more complete and accurate registration of births, 
rather than to an actual increase in the birth rate, although the crade 
birth rate mdght have increased some^'rhat as a result of the increasing 
proportion of young adults in the population. ’ From about 1872 the rate of 
grovrth of population in Japan mounted steadily and averaged more than ’ 

1.1 percent a year betvreen 1872 and 1900 and 1,2 percent betvreen 1900 and 
1920. From 1920 to 1935 the annual rate of increase vras a little more than 
114 percent, but after 1935 the rate fell and ,for 1935-1940 amoronted to 
1.1 percent annually. 

1. Japan proper consists of the four main islands, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 
and Kyushu; the Kuriles, the Ryuku Islands, and numerous small islands. 
Karafuto (the Japanese portion of Sakhalin) is novr considered by the Japanese 
as a part of Japan proper, but most statistics on Japanese population have not 
included it, and for the purposes of this Guide it I'dll not be included. 

Its population in 1940 vras 414,891 (239,835 male, 175,056 female). 


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COOTIDMTIAI 

Thus the death rate in Japan declined rapidly for several decades 

while the birth rate remained stationary. In the 1920's, as the consequence 

of urbanization, the birth rate began to fall, but the death rate was still 

falling fast enough to maintain the same rate of natural increase. By about 

1935 a declining rate of natural increase began to set in, as the reduction 

in the death rate leveled off and the birth rate continued .to fall. Japan’s 

.1 

total population continued to grovr at ihe rate of 900,000 a year and'nor¬ 
mally v^ould have continued to increase for some time to come. The period of 
stationary or declining population vrhich some Vest European countries have 
already begun to experience was not expected in Jauan .for many decades, 

2. Composition . The Japanese population is exceptionally homogeneous; 
about 98 percent are of Japanese origin, (See OSS, R & A Ho. 2690, Aliens 
in Japan). Koreans form the largest single minority group, but until recent 
years, they numbered less than a million. 

Sex . The slight excess of males characteristic of most normal 
populations existed in Japan also. In 1930 the census showed 330,305 more 
men than women; in 1935 the excess T^^ras 214,118,' Only a very small excess of 

17,712 was shovrn in 1940, although men in the armed forces were counted 
as though they were at home. The decline was due principally to the net 

emigration of males to Japanese possessions and foreign countries, and, 
to a lesser extent, to'military casualties from 1937 to 1940. The sex 
ratios varied considerably among the forty-seven prefectures, roughly accord¬ 
ing to the degree of urbanization, (Sec' Table 1, Appendix). G-rowing cities 
characteristically have hi^er proportions of males than rural areas because 
of the expranding economic opportunities. In 1940 only eleven prefectures, 
chiefly urban, had an exce.ss of males, v^hile fifteen prefectures, chiefly 
rural, had a considerable excess of females. •• The prefectures which gained 


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COIJT’IDMTIiOi 


the most population hetvreen 1935 and 1940 (except for Aichi) were those in 
which males exceeded females, while those prefectures vdth a decline in poptL~ 

lation shovred an excess of females, 

h. Age . Ifl/hen charted, the pge structure of Japan in 1935 formed a 

"broad and symmetrical pyramid (Chart I, Appendix). The largest single age 

group was the 0—4 year group, the next largest vras the 5—9 year group, and so 

forth. This age structure contrasts sharply with those of West European 

countries and even the United States vrhere the 15—19 year group was largest 

in 1940. The proportion of children has "been much higher in Japan than in 

western countries, "but "between 1930 and 1940 the ratio of children to the total 

population of Japan has declined slightly. ' In 1930 as much as 30 percent 

of the total population was under twelve years of age. Thus Japan's military 

manpovrer will not reach its peah: for several decades,. A disproportionately 

large num"ber of children and old people were found in the rural areas. Birth 

rates were much higher in rural areas, and an apprecia"ble .proportion of 

elderly persons in cities returned to the provinces to spend their old age. 

In addition, young adults, particularly males, tended to migrate to the cities. 

c. Family . Japanese families are larger and more closely knit than 

American. The average American family had 4.1 mem"bers in 1930 and 3,8 in 1940 

• / 

The average family in Japan vras somevrhat larger, containing 5,53 mem"bers in " ' 
1930, The Japanese farm family, however, had 5.69 mem"bers. It is likely 
that the difference in the size of the average family in the two countries 
is accounted for in part "by the relatively larger num"ber of' children aiid the 
strength of the family system in Japan, vrhich leads to', the formation of large 
households containing "both close and distant "blood relrOtions, By i939, it 

f. 

• f 

was estimated that the average Japanese family consisted.of 5,36 mem"bers and 


COUFIBEUTIAL 

















5 


COII^IDEFTIAL 

the farm family had 6,51 members, indicating a further decline in the size 
or a change in the method of counting urban families. The number of families 
in Japan increased from 12,656,766 in 1934 to 13,739,956 in 1940; farm 
familes constituted 44.38 percent of the total in 1934 and 39.88 percent in 
1940. ■ ' ■ ■ : 

r , 

3. G-eogranhic Distribution . Despite Japan’s mountainous terrain and 

• . V . • ■ 

areas with unfavorable climate, the four main islands have an extraordinarily 
high population density. In terms of arable land, Japan's density is the 
greatest in the vrorld, Hokkaido, however, is much less densely settled than 
the other main islands, 

a, iUreas . Only a few areas of Japan are suitable for large-scale 
population settlement. The Kanto plain around Tokyo (Keihin area), the 
Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto area (Hanshin), the Hagoya area, and Northern Kyushu had 
the highest population density^. Of the four islands, Honshu is the largest 
and most populous. In 1940, 77 percent of‘the Japanese population lived 
on Honshu; 13 percent on Kyushu; about 5 percent on Shikoku; 4 percent on 
Hokkaido; and slightly more than 1 percent on the Ryukjni islands (Okinawa 
prefecture plus the northern islands, Satsuma-Shoto, administered by 
Kagoshima prefecture). 

The prefectures vdth the greatest population in 1940, were, in 
general, relatively small areas, each including a very large city or several 
large cities (Table II, Appendix). Tokyo ranked first with 7,354’,971 people, 
followed by Osaka, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Aichi, and Fukuoka, With the exception 
of Hokkaido, whose large population is due entirely to its great size, all 
of the populous prefectures are in the central part of Honshu and northv.rest 

part of Kyushu. Tottori, a rural prefecture on the southwestern coast of 

1. See OSS, R & A lTo. 3198 for a discussion of geographical and'administrative 
ar-eas, , , ; . "C ' 

. . . .COIIFIDEITTIAX. 

i, •, ! V -.v. ■ .. •• 





CONFIDENTIAL 


- 6 - 

Honshu, had the smallest population in 1940, and Okinav^a prefecture vrith a 
little more than half a million people, had the second lowest total. In terras 
of density of population, six prefectures — Tokyo, Osaka, Hyo^o, Aichi, 
Fukuoka, and Kanagawa — included about one-third of Japan's population in 
1940 (Table II, Appendix). Tokyo prefecture had 8,88i persons per square kilo¬ 
meter in 1940; Osaka followed with 6,843, and Kanagawa vras third with 
2,401. The population growth of these prefectures from 1920 to 1940 was due 
chiefly to migration, which, in turn, was the result of urbanization (Table VI, 
VII, and Map 1, Appendix). Migration to the cities wag so heavy after 1930 
that the 1935 Census showed an absolute decrease in the population of three 
rural prefectures: Saga, Nagano, and Kochi. By 1940, fourteen prefectures, 
all vrest of Tokyo, had smaller populations than they had had in 1935; more¬ 
over, all of the prefectures which lost population had higher rates of 
natural increase than those which gained population. 

b, Urbanization . Japan’s rapid industrialization in the 1930's, 
partially directed toward preparation for vrar, was concentrated in and around 
the already large cities, resulting in the expansion of the bo''jn.daries of 
these cities, the rapid grovrth of satellite cities, and the formation of new 
cities. Japanese cities tended to be very large (like the six metropolises, 
each of vrhich had a million or more residents), or medium-sized to small with 
populations under 350,000; there were no cities in the 400,000 to 900,000 
size group. The status of "city" ( shi ) was conferred on any municipality 
with at least 30,000 population vrhich applied to the_ Ministry of Home Affairs 
and was accepted for incorporation. From 1920 to 1940, the number of 
shi rose from 83 to 168- and the proportion of the total population of 
Japan proper living in. cities increased from 18 percent to 38 percent. In 
spite of the rapid grovrth of cities, the people of Japan vrere much less 
migratory than those of the United States, The 1930 Census of Japan, for 


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7 


COIJFIDEI^TIAL 


examplej shovred that no I'ess than 83 percent of the native Japanese were 
living in the prefecture of their birth and 63 percent vrere living in the 
city,, tovu, or tov^nship in vrhich they had been born. In the United States, 
in the sane year, only 67 percent were living in the state of their birth, 
Japan's six large cities — Tokyo, Osaka, ITagoya, Kyoto, Yokohama, 
and Kobe — accounted for about 20 percent of the nation’s population in 
1940, In the sane year, the five largest cities in the United States, 
each iirith a population of 1,000,000 or more, consittited only 12,1 percent 
of the total population, Among the very large cities, Yokohama, Tokyo, 
and Nagoya showed the largest population growth from 1935 to 1940. Kobe and 
Kyoto had very snail percentage gains during the sane.period, the latter 

increasing by only 1 percent. The density of population in the six 

metropolises was as remarkable as their size. In 1940 Tokyo had 31',000 

persons per square mile — somewhat lover than London's density, but three 

tines that ofpre—ija.r Berlin. An even higher density was found in Osaka: 

45,000 persons per square mile. Certain dovrntovrn sections of Osaka> >shi 

/ 

crowded 100,000 people into a square mile. Because of the low buildings 
in Japan, the crowding was actually nuen more conspicuous than in European 


cities. 

•« 

The forty-five Japanese cities mth a population of 100,000 or more 
constituted 29 percent of the total population on 1940, a slightly hi^er 
percentage than was accounted for by the ninety-tvro American cities in the 
sane size class. In degree of urbanization Japan stood in sharpt.contrast 
to the other countries of the far East, in which a low proportion'of the 
people live in large cities. Compared vdth certain other countries, Japan's 

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i 


_ 8 - COlIFIDElTTIiil 

degree of urbanization was less striking. Britain had 45 percent of its 
population in cities of 100,000 or more and Germany, 30 percent. The 
conspic^ious growth of Japanese cities of 100,000 or more is underscored 
by the fact that their populations rose steadily from 12 percent of the 
total in 1920 to over 29 percent in 1940* The most striking individual 
increases betv/een 1935 and 1940 occurred in the cities having 100,000 to 
300,000 people. KawasaJci, Muroran, ilraagasaki, Fuse, Kokura, and Uoe 
showed the largest growth, due chiefly to the development of industries in 
and near them. 

The population of smaller cities, those from 30,000 to 100,000, 
tended to form a decreasing proportion of total urban population. In part, 
the relative decrease vas due to the wartime curtailment of consumers’ 
goods industries after 1938, which caused thirty-nine cities with less than 
100,000 -oopulation to have an actual decline in population bet\«'een 1935 and 
1940. Some of the other small cities were incorporated on the strength 
of an abnormal vrartime population spurt which was not maintained. 

The trend toward urbanization in Japan made an ever increasing 
proportion of the population city-dwellers, particularly after the war 
vrith China began. The rate of urbanization, hov^ever, slackened after 
1920. In the five-year period, 1920—1925, the population of cities increased 
by 16.7 percent, but the rate of increase was dovm to 10.4 percent for the 
1935-1940 period, 

B, Wartime Beve-lonments and Post-war Situattion 

1. Humber and Growth . For the first time since 1830, Japan probably 
experienced an aCosolute decline in population from 1944 to 1945, instead 
of a yearly increase. At the time of the Japanese surrender, it is likely 
that the Japanese population was at least three to four million less than 


COHFIBEIJTIAL 






COmDSHTI^ 


it would have "been had there "been no war. During the earlier war years, 
the annual increase had "been lower than in a normal period. 

It is helieved that the "birth rate in Japan remained at the 1937 
level and that mortality remained at the 1935-36 level until 1940. The 
Japanese government put considera.'ble emphasis on the maintenance of a high 
oirth rate, and it, like the Nazi government, gave allovrances to parents 

and furloughs to the armed forces and in other vrays‘ encouraged larger 
fajniles. The Population Institute, esta'blished "by Imperial Ordnance 

in 1939, was responsi"ble for formulating policy and practical programs to 
increase population. After 1940 the "birth rate declined fairly slowly, 
the death rate rose sharply, and net civilian emigration rose until 1942-43 
and then declined. It is estimated that military and civilian deaths 
from 1940 to -^^ugust 1945 vrere over 1,500,000^ However, compared with the 
losses of Germany, Russia, and some Balkan countries, these casualties are 
very low, lilien indirect losses due to the decline in the "birth rate and 
in the increase in the death r^^te are added in, the total will rise con- 
sidcra"bly. Yet Japan's population was higher at the end of the war than 
it was in 1937 or 1941, 

In spite of its war losses, Japan's future population prospects 

are very good. Demographers anticipate that the birth rate will rise 
rapidly in the first few years following demobilization and repatriation 
of Japanese troops; the rate may be higher than in pre-vrar years. But 
after a few years, the birth rate vdll probably go down to the level that 
might have been reached had there been no war. The course of the death 
rate will depend on the extent of physical destruction during the war, 
the assistance provided by the victors for relief and reconstruction during 

the vrar, jy^d the recuperative povrers of the Japanese economy. If these 


COKFIDJSxITIlil 


- 10 - 


COlTTIDEITTIiiL 


factors are very unfavorable, the death rate nay rise even higher than 
it has been during the vrar. It is likely, however, that this loss will 
be offset, partially or entirely bj the return of a great many Japanese 
civilians from Asia, Oceania, and Indonesia. (See OSS, R & A Ho, 2691, 

Jauancse Civilians Overseas .) The net increase duo to this repatriation 
may, hovrever, be reduced by the emigration of Koreans and Chinese from 
Japan. (See OSS, R & A Ho. '2690, Aliens in Janan .) In any case, it is very 
likely that Japan's post-war population vrill be larger than ever before in 
its history. It may reach eighty million by 1950. If the return of over¬ 
seas armed forces and civilians is fairly rapid, Japan's war-weakened 
economy vdll have to support a much larger number of adults than it did 
during the war period when millions were overseas. The unemployment 
problem will be intensified by this additional population, many of whom 
have not worked before or have carried on occupations overseas which cannot 
be practised in Japan. It is very unlikely that Jauan will feel adverse 
effects from its wartime population loss; on the contrary, the pressure 
of population on resources is likely to remain an economic and'political 
issue. 

The vrartime experience is not expected to alter the basic Japanese 
population trends. It appears G_uite likely that Japan's ^popula.tion will 
continue to grow for several decades, but at a decreasing rate. By 
1975-1985, Japan's population may reach ninety-five million. After that, 
there may be a period of leveling off, followed by an absolute decline 
.in population. By the time Japan's period of declining population sets in, 
vrestorn. countries v/ill have been at that stage for many decades unless 
they have. succeeded in developing government policies vh.ich'vrill increase 
fe-rbility, , 


COlTHIDBHTIiil 







) 


, - 11 - COlIFIDSUTI/a; 

P . oni'oosition , Despite a substantial increase in the number of Koreans 
in Japm^. the i-rar, the homo/£i;eneity of the Japanese nonulation has 

hardly., been affected* (See OSS, R & A No, 2690.) The T)roblem of displaced 
foreigners in Japan should therefore be much less difficult than it has been 
in Europe, but tne complementary cuestion of Ja.panese intruded into other 
countries may oe fully as complex as that of intruded Germans (See OSS, 

R & A Ho. 2691.) 

If there had been no war and no international migration 
after 1940, Japanese mailes might have outnumbered females by about five 
thousand in October 1945, As a result of military casualties and net 
emigration, however, there probably were one and a half to tvro and a half 
million fev^er males than females vrhen Japan surrendered. 

iippendix,) -ihis excess of females vrill he even higher for some time if 
a considerable number of men in the armed forces remain overseas after the 
wa.r ends. The repatriation of Japanese servicemen and civilians will 
reduce the excess of females, but the nominal excess win still be high for 

some years because of the probable return Korea of Koreans in Japan, 

I 

-»ohe majority of v;hom are males. Compared vuth the unbalanced sex ratios 
of West European countries, *Iapan*s wartime loss of males does not seem 
striking. Germany, in particular, has a very large deficit of males in 
the productive ages. Together with the military losses of the first World 
War, the casualties in World War II have made Germany *s population one of 
the most heavily feminine of any modern nation. The social and economic 
effect of the deficit of males, however, vrill be even more marked in Japan 
than in western nations. In the past, there have been roughly the same 
number of men and v^omen in Japan. Arranged marriages have been the accepted 

social pattern for virtually all adult Japanese, Spinsters and bachelors 
have been very rare and have been subject to severe social disapproval. 

COHPIDEHTIAl 




- 12 - 


COITTIDEITTIAL 


The excess of unmarried females after the war nay.vrell alter the tradi'tionr.l 
social and economic position of women in Japan and may lead vromen to 
press for broader educationa.1 and economic opportunities than they have had 
in the past, E\’-idence of the development of such attitudes appeared as 
soon as the vrar ended. In a radio broadcast on 18 August 1945, a Japanese 
v^oman leader declared: ’’We are not the helpless vromen of the past ... we 
must to the end practise the lessons learned from the patriotic service, 
and nay attention to our ovm selves. We must never revert to the weak 
’•nmen of old ..." i 

b. A^e . The loss of population brought about by the vrar is most 
apparent among children under ten years of age and males in their late 
teens and early twenties. (Chart II, Appendix). On the basis of the 

least drastic assumption about war casulaties, there will be 1,200,000 

fevrer children under ten years of age in 1945 than there had been in 1940, 

(Table HI, Appendix), If the decline in the birth rate has been more 
decided and if civilian war casualties among young children have been 

more serious than has been assumed, the deficit of children under ten 

v/ill be 1,500,000 or more. During the war the decline in the number of 

young children was an advantage to the Japanese X'vrar economy because it 

made more women available for work and reduced the burden on food and other 

supplies. 

The estimated grov/th of population from 1945 to 1950 is presented 
in Table V of the Appendix, Since these estimates make no allowance 
for migration into or out of Japan beyond 1945, and do not take full 
account of military and civilian casualties, they can be considered only 
approximations. No estimates of the number of children under ten years 
of age have been made because of the uncertainties involved. There may 
be an increase of almost 4 million in the population aged ten years and 


COmHEl^TIAL 



13 - 


CONTIDBITTIiil 


over_'betvfeen 1945 and 1950, This increase would compare very favorably 
with pre-war growth. In addition, the repatriation .of Japanese civilians 
from Asia and Oceania may raise the total by two to three million. In terms 
of military and .industrial manpower for the future, the-present''wartime 
losses will make themselves felt in about fifteen years. If a great 
increase in the birth rate accompanies the first fevr years of peace, however, 
the deficit of births during the vrar vdll be partially made up. Only in a 
situation of labor scarcity tv/enty years from now vrould bhe Japanese economy 
feel the wartime deficit of births, 

t 

3. G-eogra.-ohical Distribution . Undoubtedly, the,most serious wartime 

development affecting population has been the internal displacement of 
millions of Japanese civilians, including the break-up of families and the 
deurba.nizatiop of Japan due to air raids. Military government ’-dll immediatel 
face a multitude of problems related to displaced,persons, and many of these 

problems vdll persist for years to cone. Since the large-scale decentraliza¬ 
tion of population did nat start until the beginning of 1945, there was an 
increased concentration of population in urban areas during most of the vrar 

period, a trend vrhich vras sharply reversed v^hen the incendiary air raids 
began. 

a. Decentralization Program . The huge expansion of basic 
industries and vpr production in the 1930’s had taken place chiefly in 
and around the already large cities. Since the Japeonese were av^are as early 
as 1933 of the military dangers of great concentrations of population in 
cities, a decentralization program was initiated in that year. Decentraliza¬ 
tion v'as planned to reduce vulnerability to air attack, but-it-was also 
part of a long-range program designed to spread industry more evenly 
throughout the country (and even the Empire), to improve eccess to raw 
materials, to facilitate transportation problems, and to utilize rural 
labor resources more effectively. Under an official order of 16 October 1939 
■ COITFIDEETIAL 






- 14 - 


CONTIDENTIiJj 


zf ^V'ar was giTen authority to deternine the number and loca— 
*loiL of zLe'-^ factories, and could refuse to permit further construction 
im potential target area.s, New factories were to he huilt in small to'-^ns 
instead of OTercro^rrded urban centers. In 1942, follovung the Doolittle 
air r^'id, construction of new factories or expansion of existing factories 
vas pro'-ihited in the follo^'lng main industrial regions: (l) ‘Tokyo and 
Tokoloana, (2) Nagoya, (3) Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto, (4) Shimonoseki and 
northern Kyiahu* Sxcentions vere provided for cases in which strict 
enforcement vould hamper war production^ Later, existing factories 
were dismantled arid remo’/ed to suburban or rural areas. As a result 

small towns experienced substantial increases of population, and many new 
towns were incorpor^'ted as cities ( shi ). The mushroom growth of cities 
proceeded so rapidly arxl often ^^dth so little permanent justification that 
the incorporation rules were stiffened in 1943. A population of 50,000 

ws's required, instead of the previous minimum of 30,000. By mid~1944 
the formation of new cities was entirely suspended. 

In spite of the decentralisation program, (;vidonco “nolnts to an 
incre'sing concentr/tion of population in urb^-n fTcan from 1910 to early 

1915. The most conspicious centers of /crowth wf-r( the suburbs of the 
Vrg-st cities ^nd the medium-sisod cities. The area enoompasulng Tokyo, 
Yokoharo", ar^d Kawasaki became one great urban center. Clusters of mnallcr 

4 

cities, as in th‘' wata—Tobata—Wak/'mntnu ar^'a In Kyuniiu, f'loo dtvelo'oed. 

The decentralijiation program ouccaeded only to the extant that. It T’^'evontod 
tna concentration of popul/»tion from going furthe r than U lUd, 

Bi£2h^rgrl and Air R/^id Dcfenn. » Pra.^rfif,. A taolt ndmtuwlon 
of the failure to decantrallTie pof/ulatlori w/i« made hy Uu- In 19U3 

wh*7n the C/blfiat adopted a, "Plan for Btrnngthnnl ng llein- Dal riHiew'', Thlti 


OOfUi'UViaNTluli 










15 


pl'^n v/as strictly a war expedient and its sole ■c'imose was to n.itli?ote 
the effects of air raids, Althoii^ there is sone evidence th^t the 

novement of persons fron the vicinity of co?^stel nilit^ry zones to r'nr^=-l 
areas had "began in the satner of 1943, it was not nntil 21 lecenter 1943 

that the Cahinet settled on a. •nrograni for the disnersal of the noml^tion 

of inportant cities. The nain Tjoints of this nrogr^r: were follo'-^'s; 

(1) Designation, of fo'ir dispersal Districts. 

Cities affected within these districts are the follov-i:ig: 

Seihin District.Tokyo Hnnioinality, 

Eajtshin District.Osaka, ^-he, and loia^-saki 

!?agoya Di s t ri c t.va 

Ivorthem hyusha District.-~nrn, Zobata, 

yekxnatsn, Tavata, 

(if deened necessary, other cities nay he asked to 
disperse or renove hoildings according to the 
situation,) 

(2) Movement of citizens. 

Families and persons in the following categories: 

(a) Persons working in plants outside of dispersal 

districts (and living viohin the dispersal district 
(h) Persons vho are removing their estahlishnents 
under the reorganization of enterprises. 

(c) Persons vho do not need to live in the dispersal 
districts, 

(S) Hcmoval of establishments. 

Disposal and removal to rural districts of the follo>'-ing 
institutions and enterprises^ 

(n) Schools. 

(h) Public institutions and auxiliary organisations. 

(c) Control organisations. 

(d) Industri sal plsant s. 

( i) Dispersrxl of buildings. 

.-is van tindorts^king of city dispersal, buildings v-lthin the 
vaffected areas will be removed. 

(h) Provision of living cuarters fs'^r evs^cuees. 

(a) For the eVvacuees. other thsan those r ' ' 
accomodations with relatives, provis 
msaO.e to offer hsouse-lots or ts' enforce the convert 
sion of shops anv', store houses into residences. 

(b) Sh'ecial rrocodures are to be provided for ch,ange 
of school or enrollmc-nt in new schools. 


CCICTIDJES’ 


»<• 'If 










- 16 - 


COINIFIDSNTIA.L 


(c) Controls are established for transacting business in 

evacuee property (land, building, furniture, and homes). 

The cities designated for dispersal included many of the more likely 
target areas. It is interesting to note that the emphasis v/as on the re¬ 
moval of individuals and of essential public services such as schools and 
houses while industrial plants were mentioned only in passing. In reply 

I 

to an interpellation in the Japanese Diet Home Minister Odate stated in 
September 19U1; that 120,000 houses were to be moved in all, and that this 
work had been completed ‘in Tokyo and Nagoya, and was more than three- 
fourths completed for the nation as a whole. The number of persons affected 
by the program was estimated at 1,600,000; in Tokyo 630,000 people had alread; 
been relocated. Apparently rather feY^r actually left the metropolitan area, 
hoYvever, for mention is made of removing houses to suburbs and also of 
finding place in dormitories near places of vrork for essential workers. 

Classes of persons particularly slated for evacuation were school 
children, infants, c^roectant mothers, sick old people, and persons engaged 
in non-essential activities, such as actors, artists and novelists. War 
workers v/ere expected to remain, mth the exception of those v/’hose plants 
had been moved outside the dispersed districts. 

At the cabinet meeting on 3 March 19liU it iras decided that a further 
decentralization of population from densely popiilated areas would bo 
"sY/iftly" carried out. The Tokyo Shimbun estimated that at least■two_ . 

million people vrauld have to be evacuated from Tokyo and urged that the 
Government take strong measures to effect this dispersal since "the exit 
of two million citizens cannot be accomplished by mere encouragement." 


CONFIDENT LiL 




- 17 - 


COIIFIDEIITLIL 


Finding housing arrangements for evacuees presented one of the lead¬ 
ing difficulties in carrying out the dispersal of population# The Nichiren 
sects arranged to open all their temples to receive evacuated famili&s.# The 
more than four hundred summer cottages on the chores of Chiba Peninsula y;ere 
opened to house evacuees • Ordinarily these houses ivere used only during the 
hottest months, but they were now made permanent homes# 

To relieve the strain on the transportation system entailed by the 
dispersal plan, a series of restrictions on travel became effective 1 April 
19l4ll-« All ordinary travel Tivas curtailed and the personnel released as a 
result of these restrictions was to be used for traPiSportation in connection 
v;ith the evacuation of certain cities* 

On 19 April 19hh the Mainichi Shimbun announced that general plans 
had been formulated which would enable vrorkers to continue their v/ork under 
any circumstances ydthout being worried about their families# The vrorkers 
themselves’v/ere not allowed to evacuate under cny circumstances, but their 
families v^ere encouraged to do so# The government planned to appropriate 
fifteen yen monthly for each v;orkor*s family to provide for increased living 
expenses caused by the separation# In December the allov/arace was changed to 
five yen per month for each member of an evacuated family# 

Certain classes of v/orkers v/ere not allovrad to evacuate Tolcyo mthout 
a special police permit, according to regulations issued by the authorities# 
These included workmen of the munitions, transport, trade, newspaper, gas, 
water, and electric povrcr industries, as well as medical men, druggists, 
nurses, and people organized as air wardens. 


- COhT’IDSm:iAL 




- 18 


COI']FIDEIJTIA.L 


■ . .More detailed plans for the dispersion of the various civilian 

facilities from Tokyo-to were made public on 20 May 19i|l4-* The cooperation 
of the various adminstrative offices and organisations vrcre requested but 
not made compulsory. The follovd.ng civilian activities were to be 
decentralized: 

(1) Facilities of the Tokyo-to administrative offices, 
city, town, and township public offices under the Tokyo 
Metropolis, their affiliated hospitals and educational 
institutions• 

(2) Facilities of private schools and schools under the super¬ 
vision of the Tokyo Metropolis. 

(3) Facilities of organizations affiliated v^ith the Tokyo 
Metropolis. 

(U) Facilities of various typos of organizations not affiliated 

with the Tokyo Metropolis including academic research organiza¬ 
tions, social clubs, and thought organizations. 

(5) Facilities of bank and oonpanies, excluding (control associations 
and munitions companies. 

(6) Companies privately managed by cities, toY/ns, and toimships. 

These decentralized facilities v^rere to be transferred from Tokyo-to 

to areas other than Kawaguchi, Yokohama, Kavirasaki, Yokusuka, Osalca, Tokai, 
Fuse, ^[obe, Amagasaki, Nishinomiya, Mitomura, Kyoto, Maizuru, Nagoya, Kure, 
Moji, Tobata, Omura, Wakamatsu, Yawata, Sasebo, and ShimonoJeki. Nor could 
they be transferred to any other important area already designated. V/ith 
few exceptions, these places vrare located in the principal dispersal districts 
named in the December 19l;3 program. Facilities and organizations having 
little necessity for remaining in Tol^o v/ere to be forced to dissolve, suspenc 
or merge. 

The actual results of these ambitious plans fell far belov/ the goal. 
Becai se evacuation v/as not compulsory and air-raids prior to March 19ii5 

COK^FIDENTLIL 

i 



19 ~ 


CONFIDENT IA.L 


Y/ere focused chiefly on industrio.1 targets, families were reluctant to 
break up* Evacuation prior to 1914-5 was not very substantial, perhaps 
totaling no more than one and a half millions and'limited to the very 
largest, cities • Only school children ivere evacuated as a group* - In the 
summer _ of 19l4llr’ 225^000 children of the third to sixth grades of the national 

r 

elementary schools in Tokj''o were sent to the outlying areas of Tokyo pre¬ 
fecture and to neighboring prefectures. Smaller numbers were evacuated 
from Yokohama, Yokosuka, Osaka, Kobe, ^iraagaski, Nagoya, Moji, Kokura, 

r 

Tobata, Wakamatsu, and YaY^ata* While soma children viere sent to relatives 
in the country, most of the school children v/ere evacuated in groups vlfn ' 
their teachers* They occupied inns at mountain resorts, temples, and 
other public buildings* The expenses of the evacuation vrare borne jointly 
by the parents of the children, the local governments, and the national 
Treasury* The parents paid ten yen a month; the National Treasury subsidized 
80 percent of the living expenses. Since the children YJho completed the 
sixth grade were permitted to return home for further schooling and no 
compulsion was attached to the evacuation, the net number of school 
children evacuated during 19i4U Y;as undoubtedly loY/er than the origina.1 total* 
For the administration of these evacuation progr.aias as Y;ell as overall 
air raid defense, the J.Iinistry of Home Affairs estdblished the General Air 
Defense Headquarters in 19h3* The Headquarters vras organized as follovra: 

Director 

" , Deputy Director 

Bureaus 

General Affairs ' . . 

Civilian Defense ’ ’ * ; 

Business /jJ’fairs 

Administration 

Equipment COWIDENTLIL 



20 “ 


COWIDENTIiiL 


Evacuation Guidance offices were established in the various cities 
and districts to issue evacuation certificates to those Vvashing to leave 
the cities* In Tokyo alone therev/ere fifteen of these offices, with a 
staff of 1500 persons* The Department of Transportation and Communications 
established Evacuation Transportation Offices in the evacuation cities for 
the intergration and simplification of transportation facilities* 

The Air Defense General Headquarters set up a Deliberative Council for 
Receiving Evacuees in each prefecture in September 19hh» The Council was 
headed by the prefectural governor and composed of men connected mth trans- 
portation, food supply, and housing, and members of the Imperial Rule 
Assistance Association* The Education, Home, and Vfelfare Ministries virere 
in charge of the raa.ss evacuation of school children which took place in the 
summer of 19liU* 

c* The Effects of the Incendiary Air Raids* 

The evacuation situation altered drastically -when the incendiary 
air raids began in March 1914-5♦ A fev^r vj-eeks after the first great raid on 
Tokyo a Japanese Cabinet member announced that the population of Tolq/'o was 

*> 

less than four million, or almost half of its pre-v;ar population* By June 
19hS) there were probably no more than two and a half million people in 
Tokyo. The other large cities suffered, similar losses of population* 

By August more than sixty cities of all sizes had been subjected to hea-'/y 
incendiary air attacks, and perhaps ten million Japanese, or II4. percent of 
the resident population, had been killed, injured, made homeless, or had 
left the cities. The destruction ivrought by the incendiary air raids was 
so great and the disruption of life so complete that the burden of evacua¬ 
tion fell largely on the victims themselves* It was expected that the family 


COMFIDENTLIL 





- 21 - 


CONFIDENTLIL 


system would absorb most refugees* The government therefore did not direct 
migration, except in the case of a small number of families which v/ere. re¬ 
settled on farms in northern Honshu and Hokkaido* Since most evacuees 
were not able to use rail transportation to flee the burning cities, they 
were unable to go great distances* Some refugees may have made their trip 
to the distant homes of relatives in stages, but it is believed that most 
evacuees went to nearby prefectures or to the rural outskirts of their ov/n 
prefecture* IVliile a great many refugees sought shelter on farms or in small 
tovmships, there was probably a decided movement toward the smaller cities 
as well* ks the latter were subjected to incendiary bombing at the end of 
June IShSi these evacuees vrould again have been made homeless* Some 
evacuees may have been bombed out several times, either because they returned 
to partially devastated cities Vnich were bombed again or because they moved 
to smaller cities which neve hit by B-29 raids* 

The fate of the bombed-out populations of the very large and the 

smaller cities differed somewhat* According to Japanese accounts the loss 

> 

of life, confusion, and disruption of activity xvas much greater in the 
metropolises than in the smaller cities* The latter had much 'weaker air 
raid defenses and precautions, but their smaller built-up areas made it 
possible to escape the flaming buildings and seek shelter in the country* 

•The refugees from smaller cities tended to remain close to home* lifter a 
short stay with relatives or friends in the nearby villages, they vrould 
return to try to salvage something of their homos and property* The re¬ 
building of smaller cities was reported to have outdistanced the reconstruc¬ 
tion of the large urban areas like Tokyo-Yokohama-Kawasaki* The population 


COkT’IDEMTnL 


22- 


COI'IFIDENTrJi 


of the latter ha.d fev;er ties v;ith surrounding rural areas and less chance of 
being fed, housed, and employed in the bombed cities than the residents of 
smaller cities* The v/idest dispersion-of population is believed to have 
occurred among the evacuees from the Tokyo-Yokohama-Kav/asaki, Osaka-Kobe, 
and Nagoya areas. 

I • 

The organizations for dispersal of population appear to have done an 
incomplete job before the incendiary air raids began and to have proved 
unequal to the task after March 19U5* lihile before the B-29 raids it had 
been difficult to induce even non-essential residents to leave the cities 
after the raids began there was a mass exodus Vi^aich included many essential 
vrorkers m^osq homes or places of vrork had been destroyed. There Y;as thus 
a problem of returning some evacuees to the cities and preventing the return 
of other non essential civilians at the same time that the regular evacuation 
of cities proceeded. The Japanese Cabinet set up many new organizations in 
the spring of 19U5 and enlisted the aid of others to facilitate the evacuation 
of persons and facilities from the devastated cities, /unong these organiza¬ 
tions were: 

1. Dai-Nippon Women*s Association, vriiich aided in the group evacuation 
of expectant mothers and nursing babies* 

2* The Central Agricultural Association, vdiich assisted by the pre- 
fectural agricult^jral associations, worked out a plan to utilize evacuee man¬ 
power on the farms* 

3* The Home Defense Bureau of the Tokyo Municipality, v/hich enforced 
regulations involving wartime emergency construction of buildings* 

U* The Decentralized Children’s Relief Society of Tokyo, vhich es¬ 
tablished a liTar Victims School Children Relief Educational Dormitory on be- 
hsff of th§ children attending national school who lost their ncrents* 

S. The Cencrrl Keadquorters for Converting Wor-Rovrged Areas 



23 


into Productive Lund which promoted rehabilitation v/ork in raid-rava~od 
*» 

areas, 

6, The V/ar Disaster Emergency Special Corn;rdtteo of the Dai Nippon 
Political ^association which enforced government policies on v/ar disaster 
activities, 

7, The hclfarc Ministry, which established a Temporary Aid Head¬ 
quarters for air raid victims, with the Vice Minister as chief, 

8, The Division of V.ar Tom Areas which was set up in the General 
Planning Board of the Cabinet on 5 June 1945, It was to be the central 
organ in charge of reconstruction of war torn areas, evacuation, and aid 
to air raid victims. The director of the Second Division of the Total 
Mobilization Bureau of the Munitions Ministry was appointed Director of 
the Division, 

9, The Emergency Headquarters for Defense of Production Facilities, 
which directed the relocation of factories and their transfer underground, 

10, The Cabinet Members Council for Emergency Relief Measures, which 
v/as composed of the follovang ministers: Homo, '.elfare, ii.griculture and 
Commerce, Transportation and Communications, and the Minister vathout 
Portfolio, This council was set up to v/ork out measures concerning 
evacuation, clothing, food supplies, and transportation and communications; 
a Relief Measures Enforcement Committee, composed of members of the various 
ministries, was formed to enforce concrete measures, 
d. Post 'uar Problems and Developments , 

The government attempted to keep track of its moving popul’ tion 
by ordering the registration of evacuees in their now areas, but it is un¬ 
likely that complete rGcords of evacuees will exist in any city. Moreover, 
'there vri.ll have been considerable destruction of population records of all 


CONFIDENTIAL 



24 


COi'TFIDH-'ITIAl 


sorts, so that a now roi^istration of the population may be required if 
the Japo.ncsc family registration system is retained.^ The quinquennial 
census, scheduled for October 1945 but cancelled by the Japanese, might 
be needed if the special census of February 1944 has not been tabulated 
or if the schedules vdiich were filed locally have been destroyed. Since 
the 1945 census was not intended to cover inf-jrmation on occupational 
status, industry, or military service it might be desirable to change its 
character and make it more like the census of February 1944. 

It may be anticipated that the desire to locate relatives and to 
return to familiar surroundings after the end of the war ’vvill be so strong 
that many evacuees will v/ant to return to the devastated areas, in spite 
of the shortage of transportation, food, housing, employment, and public 
utilities in those ar-^as. There may bo a considerable omount of aimless 
movement, unless an efficient informo.tion service is established to 
reunite families. This service would be particularly iiaportant for service¬ 
men and civilians returning from oversecis. 

Immediately after the end of the wnr a Japanese broadcast called 


on refugees to return to the bombed cities and begin rc construction ’.\’'ork. 
Other reports indicated that transportation w'ould be freely available to 
civilians again, modification or reversal of this policy was announced 
a day or two- later. The return of civilians to the largest cities 'was 
forbidden a.nd, in the case of Tokyo, 'evacuation wt.s to continue. The pro¬ 
hibition was to be enforced by restrictions on the sole of railroad tickets 
and by registration mth local authorities of all persons who wished to move, 


1 See OSS, ho,33l7 for a description of Japanese census a.nd registration 
thods o 


CONFIDENT liiL 



25 


co::?iDEHTi;j. 


The only groups who wore to be allowed to return to their homes were 
evacuo.tod children, women workers v;hose jobs were gone, and student-workers 
(vrith the exception of those students engaged in agriculture, transportation 
or public utilities). These limitations on population movement were imposed 

i 

because of food, housing, and transportation shortages, and because of the 

uncertainties surroup.ding Japan’s future economic position. Squads will 

probably be organized to clear the debris from the cities in the near future 

xi.s soon a.s it appears that materials are available for rebuilding the 

\ 

large cities a.^d raw materials are on hand to resume production of textiles 
and other consumers' goods, there will undoubtedly bo a substantial re¬ 
turn of popul.-tion bo urban centers. Presumably the bulk of the service¬ 
men and overseas civilians V7ill return during this period. They may 
then be free to settle in the cities, though it might be dcsiro-blc to 
urge those civilians and servicemen who ha.ve lived or been stationed for 
a long tine in Manchuria or Karafuto to settle in Hokkaido and northern 
Honshu, which offer opportunities for farr.iors, particularly in the develop¬ 
ment of mechanized agriculture and scientific stock-raising. 

As a long-range policy, it seeias clear that Jap-oji will attempt 
to limit its cities to 2 million inhabitants. Never again, say the Japanese 
urban planners, should such congested metropolitan centers as Tok 5 ^'o and 

l 

Osaka produce such a groat proportion of Japan’s manufactures and present 
such excellent bombing targets. This policy v/ill require not only that 
individual cities be limited in size and populo.tion, but also the.t cities 
not be close to each other. Attempts will prlbably be made, -as in the 
past, to locate new' factories in rural and semi-rural areas, substantial 
relocation of urban centers vdll be required, if the^decentralization 
policy is to be carried out. It may be anticipated that the wxst coast 
of Japan and certain inland areas will be consciously developed, as opposed 

CONFIhEHTI.lL 


- 26 - 


COii /luEUT l^J-i 

to the Kanto plain, hliether the Japanese Governnent xvill be able to 
counter the natural trend toward greater urbanization is open to question, 
but it is likely that the attempt will be made. 




CONFIDEi'ITi;x 


/ 



Table i. 'JAPAN: PDPTJTJ.TipN OF PFGIONS AND PPFFFCTTJPFS BY OFX, 1040 


- ^7 - 

^ I 


HBSTRICT3D 


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3utuiquiao 61 AJBnuBf 


Aq .10 pu-8 (nj) aanqo©j9-rd jo 
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a. Hokkaido is a cho or territorial administration* Taken together with Karafuto (not included horo — seo 
footnote 1, p. 1 of the text) it also constitutes one of the 9 chiho or administrative regions, 

b. There are 43 ken or prefectures defined as predominantly rural, Actually in tho case of Kanagawa and Aichi, over 
half the populati'fTFT'vmis urban in 1940, 







Table I. JAPAN: POPUUTIOTJ OF PF.GIONS AND PREFFCTUPES BY SEX, 1940 

(Continued) 


RESTRICTED 



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d. There are 2 fu or prefectures defined as predominantly urban* In the text and the remaining tables the 
designations ken~7~to and fu will be omitted* 






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r.d 

p 

pH 

• 

Eh 

o 


(O' 


Ph 


CO 


B 


CM CM A- CO AN 
A- _d CO ^O CO 
AN nO an r~i I—I 

CM 


On Cvj On cm an 
A H CO CM rH 
I—I i~) (—I CM CM 


an ANCO O NO 

On O O CM 
rH AN CM i—I nO 


E-I 

H 

GO 

s: 

r-T 

Q 


O 


M 

t-t 

|3 

Pi 

o 

o ^ 


CO 


d G 

1—1 

-d (A _d o. 

G) l2 

CM 

(—1 CM (DN I—1 

p 

NO 

CO A NO IN- 

d • 


#\ rv ^ 

cr* 

-d 

rH CO A-d 


CO 


(On TAnO CN _d- 
CO CM ^ AN CO 

-d NO o _d o 

•\ »> »\ •s 

<A NO IN-CO 'O 


CO A- A--d-d 
dtlAMD O -d 
H CO NO H (On 

•\ •N ^ »N •N 

-d iH dN i>--d 


[ A 

O 

ANOCMON-d 

O O A _d CM 

A--dOANO CM 


•H 

(On nO A O 

(On -d dN O _d 

H (ON O A A 


P> 

On CON CM lA O 

A (ON A A CM 

A- A A- CM H 


d 

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•N 

• 

H rH 

O. CM H O lA 

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CO o CO C0N_d 

M 

d d 

CNJ ON CM CM NO 

CO _d ' CM NO CON 

H A A- O CON 

M 

P> ft 

A- A- CM NO CO 

_d A A CM 

A- H A- O 


o o 

»\ »> •» 

^ 


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1—1 

PP 

cc5 

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H ft 

H -d A 

H H H 

H A 


o 


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G 

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d 

p 

0) 

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d 

o 

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ft 

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p> 

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d 

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ft 

p> 

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t>» 

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d 

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n_, 


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ft ft 


Eh 

t'-' 



T 





d 

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d 




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ft 

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d 'iH 

o 

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d 

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ft 

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ft 

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d w 

CO 

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o 

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d 

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■ d P 


ft 

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ft 

ft -H 

d 

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d 

CO 

O ft 

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ft ft f£J ft 






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p 




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0) 

d 





> 

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CO 




o 


p 




p 

CO 

CD 




d 

d 

X 


CO A- A-A_d 

A A 

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d 


COTAA-A-A- 

CO CO 

O 

H 

p 




CP 

P 





p 

d 

(D 




o 

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X 




o 

d 

•H 




d 

Pa 

d 




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Pa 





d 


CO 




•rH 

ft 

P 





P 

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d 

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o 


d 




X 

CO 

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d 





CO 

»-■ 

d 




OJ 

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O 




p 

p 

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CM A A A vO 

A-A 



P 


H -d CM CM CM 

H H 

p 

CM 

d 




d 

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ft 


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P 

O 

P 





P 

P 




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G) 

CO 




d 


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X 




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1—1 




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d 




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ft 

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d 

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d 

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cn 



d 

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1 

♦ 



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d 

ft 



o 

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d 




CP 1—1 

ft 

0 





P 

ft 

H NO -d-d (On 

dN 1—1 

d 

d 

d 

P 

CO A GO A O 

A-_d 

d 

H 



CM A H H H 

H CM 

ft 


d 

d 



p 

P 

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d 

d 






ft 

CO 

X 



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a 

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d 

p 



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trO 

w 



0 

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p 



X 

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o 






X 



o 

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d 



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ft 

d 



o 


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d 

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d 

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CO 

rH 

A A- A A A 

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CP 

o 

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H A 

d 

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d 

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(On cm 


A 


0 



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ch 

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0 



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CO 

CO 

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A- A (On A A- 

A- CON 

ft 

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A A- 

G 

Pa 

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ft 

A O H CON A 

-d A 

o 


CG P 

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> 

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P 


H O CO CM o 

A-d 

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> 

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w 

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CO A- 

ft 

d 

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d 

A- A A ACO 

A A 


ft 

d 


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d 

1 — 1 H 

1 — 1 

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ft 

P 

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CO 

CO 

O 

P 



d 


d 

d 




p 


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CO 

CO 

o 

d 



p 

O 

p 




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a 

o 

o 



G 



Pa 



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ft 

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S , 



o 

d 

ft -P ft 

H d 

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do cd • 

ft ^ 

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ft 

ft 

p 

CO G N 

00 d 

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p 

d d d d d 

o d 

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'd.H 





d d d 'H H 

d ft 





CO ft ft o B 

ft o 

d 1 






Table III. JAPAN: ESTIMATED AGE DISTRIEITTI^N OF THE POPULATION, 1940 and 1945 


to 

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6 

0 

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p 

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% «k .k .> 

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CO CM CO O CO 
'c:' to rH O CO CO 

% ' .k ^ .k % 


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to 

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X 

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CO 

00 

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P C -H T 3 ro 
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p 

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to ^ 
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p 

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p 

• "H 


.k 

0 0 
P 
d 


0 

-H 
0 
d 
0 p 
X 

g 0 
d X P 
o d P -H 

d o 

H p dv_- 
P o 
d d 
g o P 
©td X 
. d p 

p X 
P 0 
'H P X 
d 0 d 


0 d 
p 0 
0. 
c d 
o .0 
o 0 
X 

0 
0 
'iH 


0 X 
d 0 
P 
d d 
o p 

p ’p 

p P 
dP 
p 0 

P .H 
P fd 
0 p 
0 d 
p 0 
X o 
X 

0 

to 0 
d S* 
d 
0 X 
6 

d'^ 
0P 


X 

d 

0 

X 


p 

d 

P 

•H 


X rH p p ^ (Jj 


0 

X 

P 


0 



32 


RESTRICTED 


Table IV, J.iPIJ'J: 


HYPOTIIETIC.iL POPULATION BY PREFECTIJPJ 
(Number in ’000) 


1945' 




Census 

Prefecture 

1 October 



1940 

Total 


73,114 

1. 

Hokkaido 

3,273 

2. 

Aomori 

1,000 

3. 

Iwate 

1,096 

4,. 

Kiyagi 

1,271 

5. 

x'ikita 

1,052 

6 • 

Yamagata 

1,119 

r? 

1 • 

Fukushima 

1,625 

8. 

Ibaraki 

1,620 

9. 

Tochigi 

1,207 

• 

o 

1—1 

Gu]ema 

1,299 

• 

1—1 

1—1 

Saitama 

1,608 

12. 

Chiba 

1,588 

13. 

T oky 0 

7,355 

14. 

Kanagaiva 

2,189 ■ 

15. 

Niigata 

2,064 

16. 

Toyama 

823 

17. 

Ishikav/a 

758 

18. 

Fukui 

644 

19. 

Yamanashi 

665 

20. 

Nagano 

1,711 

21. 

Gifu 

1,265 

22. 

Shizuoka 

2,018 

o ^ 

^ o • 

.lichi 

5,167 

24. 

Mio 

1,199 

25. 

Shiga 

704 

26. 

Kyoto 

1,730 

27. 

Osaka 

4,793 

28. 

Hyogo 

3,221 

29. 

Nara 

621 

30. 

V[aka''.’'ama 

865 

31. 

Tottcri 

484 

32. 

Shimane 

< • 741 

33. 

Oka.yama 

1,529 

34. 

Hiroshima 

1,870 

35. 

Yamaguchi 

1,294 * 


Estimate, 1 October 1945 

Prelimino.r^'' Adjustments"'' 

74,803 

3,585 

924 

1,037 

1,190 

960 

1,035 

1,568 

1,644 

1,179 

1,469 

1,623 

1,634 

8,147 

2,485 

2,112 

824 

729 

624 

659 

1,656 

1,267 
‘ • 2,036 

3,585 ' ■ 

1,189 

676 

1,713 

5,160 

3,431 

634 

842 

465 
714 
- 1,290 

1,885' ■ ■ • 

• 1,362 


RESTRICTED 


-33- 


RESTRICTED 


Table IV. (Cont 

inued) 




Census 


Pre 

fecture 

1 October 

Prelim.ina: 



1940 


36 , 

Tokushima 

719 

687 

37. 

Kagawa. 

730 

689 

, 

CO 

CO 

Ehime 

1,179 

1,156 

39, 

Kochi 

709, 

684 

40, 

_ Fulcucka 

3,094 

3,397 

41, 

Saga 

702 

698 

42, 

Nagasaki 

1,370 

1,407. 

43, 

Kumam.ot o 

1,368 

1,308 

44, 

(^*1 4-p 

UC'V 

973 

937 

45, 

Hiyazaki 

840 

829 

46. 

Kagoshima 

1,589 

1,537 

47. 

Okinav/a 

575 . 

541 

a. 

Method; The 

prefectural 

distribution < 


Adjustments 


as of 1 October 19d-5 v/a.s computed on the assumption that the population 
on that date, -A-ithout allowances for military or excess civilian mortal- 
itjr, and including the armed forces, v/as 75,355,000. It vms 

assum.ed that the proportionate decline .in the rate of natural increase 
between 1940 and 1945 was evenly distributed as botween prefectures. 
Hence hypothetical populations ^TCre constructed for 1945 by adding 
natural increase at 87,3 percent of the 1935-1940 rate.to the 1940 
enumerated populations* It vjas then assumed that all prefectures losing 
by migration between 1935 and 1940 lost at the same rate botvaeen 1940 
and 1945,. These- hypothetical losses by migration vrere proportionate 
to the actual increase from 1935 to 1940, The 1940 population plus 
riatural increase and plus or minus estimated migration gave initial 
1945 estimates, from which allowances v/ere m.ade for military and 
civilian casualties, Militar^^ casualties were b-ased on HID estimates, 
civilian casualties have been estimated by OSS* For figures on iimni- 
•gration into Japa.n and emigration of Japanese see Guides on Aliens in 
.Japan, R & A Report 2690, and Japanese Civilians Overseas, R & A Report 
2691, ' 

b.. The last column "Adjustmonts” has .bpon left blank to bo filled 
in whenever' data on the effects of decentralization and dispersal 
bccom.e available,- For a discussion-of these factors, see text. Section 
B-2,' 



RESTRICTED 


> » > 






Table V. JAPAN: ESTIMATED SURVIVORS np THE 1945 POPULATION BY SINGLE YEARS, 1945-1950 


RESTRICTED 



O 

05 

CO 

00 

05 


to 

00 

rH 

to 

00 

QD 


05 

CO 

to 

C- 

CT5 

iH 

05 

CO 

CO 



LO 

CO 


O: 

1 — 1 

rH 

CO 

to 

rH 

rH 

CO 

LO 

LO 

CO 

LO 

00 

00 

LO ! 

<05 

co 

cr> 

O 

to 

rH 

rH 

CO 

c 

CD 

CD 


O 

1>- 

LO 

CO 

<05 

CO 

05 

LO 

00 

o 

1 — 1 


C'- 


CO 

»H 

CO 

O 

CO 

00 

CO 

05 

CO 

rH 

LO 

00 

o 



•« 

•» 

•» 

•V 

•> 

•> 


•k 

•« 

•k 

*k 

•k 

«k 

«k 

•k 

A 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

to 

cn 

to 

to 

CO 

O'. 

CO 

o 

LO 

CD 

CO 

iH 

O 

CO 

O' 

00 

00 


CO 

<05 

to 

O 

LO 

05 

CO 

00 

CO 

O'. 

O 

C\! 


t>~ 

to 

to 

LO 

o 

rH 

to 

05 

iH 

CD 

(H 

iH 

iH 

C-0 






LO 


LO 

00 

rH 

i-H 

OJ 

CO 

o 



CO 

o 

C- 

CO 

o 

00 

LO 


CO 

o 

rH 

CO 

CO 

00 

to 

CO 

a: 

to 

CO 

rH 


•» 

n 

•> 

•v 

•V 

•» 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 





•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

*k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

«k 

■k 




CO 

c^o 

CO 

C\2 

CO 

CO 

rH 

tH 

r—< 




o 



CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

iH 

1—1 

rH 

rH 


^■3 •. 



to 

o 



CO 

•o 

o 


CO 

O 

CO 

o 

rH 

^0 

<35 

to 

to 

<35 

o 

t- 

CO 

to 

CO 

00 

rH 



to 

CD 

^0 

c- 

c^ 

to 

iH 

to 

00 

CO 


C<0 

to 

CO 

to 


C35 

CO 

CO 

<35 

CO 

to 

rH 

CO 

CO 

CJ 


o 

C- 

o 

rH 

CO 

to 


to 

CO 

o 

a 

CO 


LO 

00 

CkJ 

<35 

CO 

<35 

CO 

CO 

o 

lO 

C- 

rH 

to 

05 


•k 

«k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

A 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 



•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 


•k 


iH 

iH 

00 

LO 

to 

to 

to 

tH 

o 

to 

CO 

rH 

rH 

00 

C' 

CO 

O 

o 

CO 

O 

to 

rH 

CO 

o 

to 

to 

O'. 


00 

CO 

'I' 

o 

to 

o 

O 

00 

CO 

O' 

rH 

to 

o 

CO 

to 

CTi 

rH 

rH 

to 

o 

00 


CO 

cO 

C-- 

iH 

iH 

rH 

CO 

<35 

CO 


CO 

o 

to 

CO 

o 

CO 

to 


<35 

o 

O 

00 

to 


to 

I—1 

<35 

to 

^o 

rH 



•k 


•k 




•k 

•k 

•V 

•k 




«k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 


HH 


CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

rH 

rH 

iH 




<35 

CN 



CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 


O.V. . 





CO 

CO 

to 

CO 

<35 

CO 

CO 

o 

to 

CO 

CO 

C^ 

o 

LO 

O 

<35 

O 

c~- 

CO 

to 

CO 

CJ 


C35 

CO 

to 



to 

LO 

o 

CO 

CO 

to 

<35 

o 

<5- 

C^ 

O) 

to 

rH 


to 

O 

to 

£>- 

^0 


00 

00 

O 

<3. 

to 


to 

CO 

rH 

o 

<35 


CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

C- 

CO 

c^ 

C-0 

H-' 

to 

CO 

[>- 

rH 

•cf' 

rH 

o 

rH 

to 

<35 

CO 

00 

•k 

•k 

•k 


•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•i 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 


•k 

«k 


•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 


•k 

•k 


o 

to 

o 


t>- 

CO 

to 

CO 

CO 

O 

to 

to 

t—1 



to 


to 

to 

CkJ 

c>- 

to 

to 

rH 

C- 

o 

<35 

CO 

to 

to 

to 

00 

CO 


00 

to 

CO 


rH 

to 

<35 

CO 

c-o 

a> 


o 

00 

CO 

<35 

rH 

o 

CO 

LO 

rH 

CO 

rH 


c~ 

CO 


rH 

<35 

to 

C'O 

o 

GO 

to 

CO 

to 

iH 

o 

c^ 

CO 

<>- 

to 

o 

<35 

to 

^'3 

pH 


•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 


•k 



•k 




•k 

•k 


•k 


•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 




CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 




CTj 



CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

pH 

rH 

rH 

rH 


CO 




OJ 


CO 


PO 




rH 

CO 

-e' 

C^ 

CO 


CO 

rH 

CO 

r—1 

<3. 

c-0 

o 

cn 

to 


<3- 




CO 

00 

to 


LO 

pH 




CO 

LO 

CO 

o 

05 

o 

<3 

rH 

CO 

tH 

rH 

■pH 

CO 

to 

^'3 


03 

05 

<35 

CO 

rH 

00 

CO 

o 

C-- 

<3 




to 

O 


LO 


rH 


to 

00 

CO 

O 

LO 


CO 

CO 


to 

rH 

CO 

CO 

O 

00 

o 

CO 

05 


<35 



•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 


•k 

•k 

% 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 


•k 

•k 

■k 

•k 

•k 

, ^ 

•k 

«k 

•k 

•k 

•k 


(35 

t>- 

<3. 

to 

to 

C\2 

to 

to 

CO 

O- 

CO 

CO 

o 

to 

CO 

PO 

o 


o 

o 

to 

to 

to 

o 

LO 

to 

CO 



o 

CO 

<35 

o 

LO 

lO 

iH 

to 

Cv 

pH 

CO 

pH 

•ei 

CO 

rH 


CO 

to 

05 

o 

CO 

iH 

to 

00 


CO 

to 


iH 

c-o 

1—1 

to 

to 

•Jf 


rH 

<35 

to 

CO 

o 

00 

LO 

CO 

CO 

fH 

CO 

o 

to 

rH 

c- 

to 

o 

00 

to 

CO 

rH 



•k 

•k 

•k 

<k 

•k 


•k 

•k 

•k 

«k 

<k 




*k 


•k 

•k 

*k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

«k 

«k 

•k 




•H* 

CO 

CO 

CO 

C\2 

CO 

pH 

rH 

tH 

tH 


— 

- .. 

<3. 

CO 




^3 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

pH 

tH 

rH 

pH 




CO 

o 

CO 

LO 

o 

C-- 

t- 

CO 

CO 

CO 


CO 


pH 

to 

rH 

CO 

LO 


C^ 

LO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

o 


o 

CO 


to 

• 

to 


cO 

to 

to 

CO 

o 

to 

CO 

CO 

C<3 

C^ 

to 

CO 

CO 

co 

pH 

to 

to 

00 

Csl 


to 

rH 

to 

CO 

CO 

o 

tv 

CO 

o 

LO 

o 

CO 

o 

<35 

to 

to 

to 

<35 

<35 

o 

CO 

SO 



CO 

CO 

CO 

ik 

•k 


•k 


•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 


•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 



•k 


*k 

•k 


iH 

to 

<3- 

CO 

O 

•H 

to 

o 

o 

CkJ 

tc-- 

t5~ 

to 

CO 

o 

CO 

00 


to 

CO 

pH 

pH 

o 

(35 

00 

tH 

(35 

O 

(35 

o 

pH 

CO 

CO 

<35 

pH 

to 

O 

tH 

pH 

CO 

C^ 

00 

CO 


o 

pH 

<33 

to 

CO 

CO 

rH 

CO 

LO 

rH 

CO 

o 


to 

to 


O 

<35 

LO 

CO 

o 

CO 

to 

CO 

CO 

CO 

o 

to 

o 

t>- 


O 

CO 

to 

CO 

iH 


•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•> 


«k 


•k 






•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 



•k 




CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

1—< 

rH 

rH 

1—1 




00 

CO 



CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

rH 

tH‘ 

tH 

pH 



o 

CO 

CO 

pH 

CO 

tH 

<33 

CO 

CO 

o 

to 

CO 

tH 

O 

o 

pH 

tH 

tH 

CO 

<35 

tH 

<35 

CO 

CO 

Q 

to 


tH 

CO 

to 

CO 

15- 

LO 

O 

to 

pH 

CO 

tH 

CO 

tH 

CO 

pH 

CO 

O 

rH 

O 

O 

CO 

CO 

o 

to 

'Q 

CO 

to 

00 

(35 

CO 

00 

co 

to 

<3 

CO 

CO 

to 

[5- 

o 

CO 

tH 

<35 

tH 

00 

CO 

to 

CO 

iH 

rH 

CO 

to 

to 

o 

•k 

■k 


•k 

•k 

■k 

•k 

rk 

«k 

•k 


•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

*k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 


•k 


to 

CO 

CO 


00 

<35 

rH 

o 

to 

05 

f- 

to 

15- 

to 

tH 

CO 

CO 

CO 

tH 

tH 

C^ 

tH 

rH 

to 

CO 

CO 

<35 

tH 

LO 

CO 

to 

tH 

tH 

CO 

to 

tH 

CO 

CO 

rH 

<35 

(5- 

Ct- 

LO 

CvJ 

O 

to 

LO 

tH 

LO 

t- 

to 

CO 

00 

rH 

CO 

o 

Cv. 

tH 

to 

CO 

1—1 

00 

to 

CO 

o 

00 

tH 

CO 

tH 

CO 

o 

LO 

<35 

>- 

CO 

O 

C- 

tH 

CO 

t—1 


•k 

•k 

•k 


•k 

•k 


•k 

4k 

•k 

«k 




«k 

•k 


<k 


•t 

•k 

•k 

•k 

«k 




tH 

tH 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

rH 

rH 

tH 

tH 




CO 

CO 

tH 

tH 

C-0 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

rH 

1—1 

rH 

rH 


tH 

<35 

tH 

(35 

tH 

05 

tH 

<35 

tH 

C75 

tH 

(35 

tH 



tH 

<35 

tH 

05 

tH 

05 

tH 

<35 

tH 

pH 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

tH 

pH 

to 

to 

to 

to 

C^ 


<1 

iH 

pH 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

tH 

tH 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

i 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

e-i 

i 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

o 

LO 

O 

to 

o 

LO 

O 

to 

O 

LO 

o 

LO 

o 

to 

c 

o 

to 

O 

to 

o 

to 

O 

to 

rH 

iH 

CO 

CO 

to 

CO 

tH 

tH 

to 

to 

CO 

to 

15- 

c- 

EH 

rH 

kTk 

iH 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

tH 

pH 


'v' O 

to LO CD 

I I I 







Table V# (Continued) 


^'o 


RESTRICTED 


o- 

LO 

CD 


CO 

<D 


CD 


00 CO CNJ 
rH CD CM 
O CM to, 

•C "v ^ 

CD CO 

O t>- O 
O 


CM CO O 
O CM 
CO CD CO 

w 

CO LO CD 
r-l LO CD 
O CD 


CM 

00 

CO 

•k 

CD 

O- 

O 


I 

o 

CD 

I—I 





C 


♦ 

1 

0 

© 



© 


40: 




03 42 


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TO 


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w 


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CD. 


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cj 


© 


0 0 

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42 

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p. 

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erf 

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p 

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0 

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0 

42 

42 





p 

42 

0 



P 





p 

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p 

P 






P 2 

p 

w 

p 

CL 

P 






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B 

•H 

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i-H 


CO 

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w 

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© 


C^ 

CM 

00 

V- 

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ci 

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P 

P 

00 

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1—1 

CD 

0 

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> 

P 

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P" 


•H 

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P 

f> 

0 

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LO 

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© 

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0 


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CD 

g 

PC- 

W 


0 

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0 

tv 

CD 

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p 


© 

Trf 

P 


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•k 

0 



P 


© 

r-i 



0 

0 


0 

P 

TO 

P 




^0 


• 

Is 


© 

P 





<H 

M 



>> 





0 

1—1 


P 

rH 

tn 






1 —1 

• 

P 

0 

© 




. 

•P 


<—1 

P 

l> 

P 


• 



P 

© 

b 

•H 

P 

P 



i—i 

to 

CO 

S 

rH 

•H 

rH 

•H 

fcuO 


CD 

CO ’tW 

00 

B 

P 

P 

•H 


♦H 


CO 

LO iH 

00 

P 

P 

P 

B 

© 

p 

CD 

«k 

•* •> 

•k 

p 


r-i 


© 


tH 

CD 

CD LO 


P 


P 

Ch 

•rl 

0 

CD 

0 

rH CO 

'cH 

PL 

© 

P- 

0 

P 

p 

r—i 

0 

CD 

CO 

© 

© 

0 


P 





•k 


w 

PL 

Vj 

•H 

p 


1—1 


0 

* 



b 

P 

0 



' 

CO 

• 

•k to 

P 

P 

© 





CO 

to 


P 

P 

p 







CD 

g 

© 

© 





• 

a> 

rH 

*H 

0 

p 






rH 


P 

P 








© 

© 

r*V 

rP 

© 



00 

CM 

LO 

CO 

© 

p 

p 

© 


•H 



CO 

to 

0 

00 

p 

0 

p 


>5P 




CO 

LO 


p 

Ch 

bD 

© 

P 

P 


lO 

•k 

«k 

•k 

•k 



> 





P 

CO 

rH 

CD 

p 

P 

■ P 

g 

•P 


CD 

0 

c^ 

CO 


p 

•© 

•H 

P 


0 


rH 

0 

CD 

CD 

CD 


•H 

bO 


© 

piL 



« 



•k 

TO 

P 

P 

P 

P 




r-l 



CD 

© 

P 


0 

P 


• 





CM 

P 

P 


P 


• 

© 






P 

•|H 

P 


Ch 

P 

P 






B 

P 


P 

0 

»+l 

P 






•H 

P 

TO 



CD 

P 






P 

© 

© 

CD 

© 

i—i 

•H 






W 

•H 

P 

r—i 

© 


P 


<D 



P 

fE 

Trf 

•tH 


P 

P 



CD 



-2 



P 

Trf 

P 

© 

P 

© 

1 

1 

1 

EH 


© 

P 

P 

0 

P 


bD 

10 

0 

10 

0 

• 

be p 

0 

© 

P 

CD 

A 

■*■ 'k 

CD 



EH 

p 

p 

0 


P 

rH 



Table VI, JAPAN: POPUU-TION CHINGES BY PPEFECTUEES, 1920 - 1940 


o LO CO CM to 
CD LO -ei to 


- 36 


RESTRICTED 


1 

to 

CD 

to 

CD 

CD 

CM 

o 

CM 






CM 

CD 

iH 

cr> 

rH 

to 

C- 

CD 

CO 



t^t-CMr-<i-l «+COCVlOcO OOODOCOC^ 


LO<<i—It-'^ COOOtO^ lOt^rHCOrH 

CM I rH 


O 

CO 

d 

(D 

u 

o 

c 

M 

C 

O 

•H 

■p 

d 

rH 

d 

o 

CL, 


-P 




























d 

1 

O 

CD 

CM 

CO 

to 

to 

iH 

CD 

to 

t- 

o 


1 - 1 

CD 

CO 

to 

o 

CO 

d 

rH 

d 

o 

CD 


to 

d 

0 

to 

CO 


























o 

CM 

CD 

CM 

CO 

CO 

CD 

to 

to 

'd 

to 


CD 

d 

to 

O 

d 

d 

d 

o 

CO 

U) 

to 

d 


O 

d 

d 

p 

CD 

rH 

rH 












CM 

iH 









rH 



0 

iH 



























fX. 
























































0 

1 

to 

iH 

CD 

CM 

r-d 

rH 

’d^ 

CD 

CM 


CO 

00 

CM 

00 

CD 

CM 

CD 

to 

CD 

to 

CM 

O 

CD 

to 

to 

CD 

CO 

(P 

CO 


























cj 

cO 

CD 

CD 

OD 


CO 

LO 

CO 




"d 


to 

c- 


CO 

CM 

iH 

d 

CM 

o 

d 


rH 

rH 

CM 

0 

CD 

rH 













rH 

rH 






1 



iH 



p 

rH 



























o 








* 




















p: , 


















« 










H 













• 
















1 



to 


o 


CM 

CO 

CD 

o 

CD 

CM 


to 

O 

d 

o 

d 


to 

CM 

CM 

o 

CD 

rH 

rH 

<H 

to 

o 


























o 

CO 

•>d 

CD 

cO 


CO 

rH 

tP 

CM 

'd 

iH 

■d 

lO 

CM 

to 

CD 

CO 

CO 

rH 

O 

CM 

O' . 

CO 

d 

O 

CM 

rH 


CD 

CD 













rH 

rH 



1 

1 


1 



rH 


1 

0 

rH 

rH 





















*■ 





-p 
























* 




d 











































- 














1 

o 


o 

CO 

C'i 

to 

CD 

CO 

CD 


to 

CM 

c 

O 

CM 

CO 

CD 

rH 

CM 

rH 

d 

d 

C'J 

CO 

CD 


o 

d 


























^o 

CD 

CD 

to 

CM 

H 

CD 

CO 


CO 

to 

QJ 

O 

00 

CD 

to 

CD 

to 

o 

d 

to 

O 

o- 

CM 

CO 

CO 

rH 

CD 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

iH 

rH 







r-i 


CO 

CO 






1 


rH 

CM 





CD 

cO 

d 

CO 

rH 

CM 

CD 

t- 

CD 

00 

CM 

CM 

C'- 

CM 

CO 

C" 

d 

CD 

CM 

to 

o 

O 

CM 

CM 

CM 

1 

to 

Ci 

CM 

d 

CD 

t>- 

tc- 

d 

00 

d 

d 

CO 

o 

rH 

O 

CO 

CD 

CD 

to 

CM 

CD 

to 

CO 

CO 

CM 

CD 

o 

CM 


to 

d 

CM 

CO 

to 

CO 

CD 

CD 

CM 

CD 

rH 

f>- 

d 

CO 

CD 


CM 

CM 

d 

rH 

CD 

C- 


CO 

CM 

CD 









•k 

•s 

•s 












•k 

• Vk 


CD 

iH 

CD 

CD 

to 

CM 

C^ 

CO 

d 

00 

to 

CD 

d 

to 

LO 

to 

to 

d 

CO 

rH 

C- 

CD 

CM 

O’ 

CD 

00 

rH 

rH 



to 

to 

CD 

CO 

to 


to 

d 

CD 


CD 

00 

CT; 


CM 



iH 

'CD 

CD 

CM 

CM 

CO 

rH 



rH 












0 





1 




rH 

CM 





CD 

C-- 

c- 

00 

CO 



O'; 

CD 

CM 

CD 

d 

CM 

d 

CD 

o 

C- 

to 

t' 

iH 

OO 

•0 

CD 

to 

CD 

I 

o 

to 

^0 

00 

d 

Oi 

to 

to 

d 

O 

CM 


CD 

CM 

rH 

iH 

rH 


d 

CD 

O 


00 

rH 

rH 

rH 

to 

CO 

CD 

CD 

o- 

t>- 

CM 

C- 

to 

rH 

to 

CM 

O'. 

00 

rH 

00 

to 

t- 

CD 

CM 

CO 

CD 

GO 

to 

C> 

l>- 

CM 

CM 

CD 


























O 

rH 

CO 

CD 

d 

CO 

rH 

CM 

o 

CO 

1-1 

£>- 

K+^ 

O 

CO 

CM 

to 

CD 

to 

CD 

o 


to 

CO 

>- 

C; 

CD 

rH 


rH 

CD 


CD 

to 

to 

o- 

c>- 

to 

CD 

CD 

t" 

CM 

o 

CO 

CM 


CM 

CO 

00 

d 

CM 


d 

CM 



« 












CD 

CM 








rH 

CM 






to 

o 


CO 

CO 

to 


o 

CO 

CM 

CO 

rH 1 

•CD 

rH 

C- 

rH 

to 

uo 

cd 


to 

CO 

CO 

to 

1 

to 

d' 

iH 

d 

rH 

CO 

CO 

rH 

CD 

CM 

[>- 

00 


d 

03 

to 

CO 

00 

rH 

CO 

rH 

CD 

to 

00 

00 

o 

o 

CO 


CM 

CO 

o 

o 

o 


00 

CO 

to 

CD 

CM 

CM 

CO 

d 

CD 

to 

to 

CD 

rH 


o 

CM 

rH 

CO 

CO 

CD 


•K 



% 

•i 

% 




«« 

•l 




% 

% 




% 

•k 

•k 

•i 

•v 

CD 

rH 

to 

>• 

o 

CM 

o 

CD 

to 

H 

CO 

CD 

a 

CD 

rH 

o 

CM 

CD 

rH 

00 

to 

CO 

C-- 

CM 

to 

C" 

CD 

rH 


to 

00 

o 

03 

to 

CO 


CD 

to 

to 

CD 

O- 

CD 

CM 

CD 

rH 

rH 

CM 

rH 

i 

d 


CD 

fH 

iH 



CM 












CD 

CM 








rH 

CM 





CD 

a 

CM 

C^ 

rH 

CD 

00 

CD 

o 

d 

to 

iH 

CM 

CD 

to 

rT3 

o 

to 

CD 

rH 

to 

.o 

•iH CD 

C'- 

1 

o 

cO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

rH 

to 

O 

o 


00 

CO 

to 

CD 

CM 

!>• 


to 

CD 

£>• 

CM 

o 

CD 

CO 

to 

to 

d 

d 

to 

CD 

d 

to 

to 

CD 

o 

CD 

to 

rH 

o 

O 

cr- 

CD 

CD 



CM 

CM 

CM 

o 

CO 

fH 

O 

CO 

CD 


























CD 

rH 

d 

to 

CD 

CD 

d 

CM 

to 

rH 

rH 

CD 

03 

CM 

U3 

00 

CO 

CO 

(D 

CM 

CD 

CO 

CD 

CO 

rO 



iH 


O 

to 

d 


iH 


d 

o- 

rH 

rH 


d 

00 

d 

CD 

CM 

rH 


rH 

1 

CO 


O 

CM 



CM 


I 

o 


CO cn 
cr> 


O 

to lo 


to td CM rf 0 > 
CT. CD CM to CD 

O to 

o O O CO 
CD CM CM CM CD 

^ rH I— I r—I 


^ rH CO O 

O O CM 

CO CD CD O'y 

CD CM CM 

CO rH 1^3 CD >H 

I—I I—I rH 


Cj to 


rf' CO CO CD 

CO O CD CD 

CO CO CM CO O 

CO (30 CD CD iH 

rH CD « 

(H rH CD to rH 


I I 


CD. rH O 'd' CD 
iH ■«e' CO 00 CO 
CD 00 CD CO 

^ 

CO to cH CD 

’d' CM CO 


CO 


CD to O to 00 
rH to «df 

CD O rH CO <D 

at 

CD O-CD rH CM 
,00 CM 'CD ^ 'rH 
CM to 


1 




00 

CD 

to 

00 

to 

00 

pH 

o 



CD 

to 

rH 

d 

CM 

CD 

CD 

d 

CD 

CD 

d 

0 

CM 

CO 

CD 



pH O 

CD 

CO 

C" 

CO 

CM 

o 

to 

CM 

to 

CM 

O- 


0 

• CD 

tc- 

0 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CD 

CD 

00 



O 

o 

to 


CM 

CM 

CO 

to 

<D 

CD 

0 

0 

d 

CD 

CD 

d 

to 

CO 

<D 

0 


0 

CO 

to 

(S- 

CD 



•v 





•k 


•V 

•k 

% 

•k 

*k 

«« 

•» 



•k 


••k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

«k 

«k 

•k 


CD 

CM 

o 

to 

rH 

CM 

CD 

to 

o 

CD 

CD 

00 

00 

d 

00 

d 

•• CM 


CO 

CO 

0 

to 

0 

CD 

00 

CO 


rH 

t'- 

o 

CD 

C' 

to 

rH 

CM 

CM 

o 

CD 

0 

CO 

to 

CO 

CD 

CM 

to 

d 

CD 

rH 

CD 

rH 

CO 

<D 

0 



CM 

o 

o 

CM 

O 

rH 

CD 

CD 

CM 

CM 

CD 

to 

cO 

iH 

0 

00 


CD 

CD 

C'' 

CM 

0 

iH 

rH 

0- 




% 


•k 





•k 

% 











% 

•k 

% 

«k 


(0 


CO 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

pH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

c- 

CM 

CM 





rH 

r-i 

CM 

CO 

rH 


5m 

o 

•H 








ci 


















• 

•p 



















•ri 







(rf 


o 





ci 

£ 












X 







r^ 


d 





•P 

•3 

•iH 

•H 


ci 




•<i 




w 







p 


•H 

*H 


•H 


c5 



b£i 


M 



ci 

-P ‘ 


S 


ci 

0 


0 




PL 


a 


© 

to 

cs 

tiO 

w 

ci 

•H 

ci 

ci 

ci 

0 

tD 

ci 

E 

44 

•rH 

Pi 

Pi 


P 

•H 


ci 

o 



o 

-p 

ci 

-P 

ci 

p 

P. 

4 :: 

§ 

■P 

rO 


ci 

to 

ci 

•rl 

pS 

ci 

ci 

ps 

CM 

X 


to 







:a 

6 


ci 

0 

g 

•H 

•H 

PI 

•pH 

' >3 


44 

p: 

{»0 

<H 

•rH 

0 

0 

•rH 



o 

o 


•H 

ci 

PS 


0 

0 

ci 


0 

^ci 

•H 

0 

w. 

ps 

d 

td 

•ri 

X. 

•rl 

•H 

X 

CO 

P 

w 

PI 

0 


w 

'4 

tH 




(h 

M 

EH 

CO 

0 

EH 



EH 

(H 

Ph 

>H 


CD 

CO 


k==*' 

CO" 


rH 

CM 

CO 

d 

to 

tD 


00 

(D 

0 

1 — I 

CM 

CO 

d 

to 

CD 


00 

CD 

0 

pH 

CM 

to 


to 

o 











pH 

rH 

rH 

iH 

rH 

(H 

pH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 










Table VI, (Continued) 


I LO 


to CM CD cr> 


O CNJ CTi CO CD CO 
C\3 CX) »H 
0> I—t 


a> rH cn rH , 

■ to . I—I ^ LO 


- 37 - 

^cr> to LO c\j 

C\J CO ^'c\j*io 


RESTRICTED 


CD rH ^ r^ O tt~ 

• •• • 

<r-< CJ lO CD CO CU CD 


-P 

I o 

O LO to 
O CM CD 
Jh CTJ rH 
© rH 


CO I—I LO 
O LO CM to 


CD CD CO 

to CJ CO to 


O CD CM LO CO 

CO oc 


o o •e to o 


I— I CD »-H CO o 

1-1 


CD 
LO CO 


00 ' 


© 


r—I O 


I LO CD LO 

wOco* •••• 

cs5 to 05 O'. fH o ^ 

O 05 tH CM M 
Ji r—I 


CM O CO CM 
to CD LO 


C'^ CM O ^ O 


CO CM 


O 

I 



i 


LD 

LO 

CM 

o 

1 - 1 

CM 

CO 

CM 


LO 

o 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

o 

ti 


tH 

rH 

o 

o 

o 

1 - 1 

o 

o 


CD 

CD' 


rH 

rH 



1 

1 

1 

© 

rH 

fH 









p 











c! 











Pb 












1 

O 


to 

H 

iH 

rH 

o 

CM 

LO 


o 











to 

CD 

t - 1 

LO 

1 - 1 



r-H 

o 

to 


CD 

rH 

rH 

to 

CM 



1 




rH 












- 

LO 

LO 

o 

iH 

o 

LO 

o 

CD 


1 

LO 

to 

LO 

CO 

CM 

o 

LO 

CD 

'H 


o 

CM 

CM 

CD 

CD 

CM 

rH 

LO 

CD 

CH 


CM 

CD 




•k 


•k 


«k 


CD 

1 —! 

C 5 

1 —! 

CM 

CD 

IH 

tH 

CH 

o 


1 -* 


fH 

CH 

LO 

tH 

t -0 

tH 


CM 




1 - 1 


rH 









o 

LO 

CM 

IH 

IH 

CD 

LO 

LO 


1 

o 

LO 

rH 

CM 

CD 

to 

to 

o 

fH 


to 

to 


LO 

CD 

to 

CM 

o 

rH 

to 


CM 

CD 

•* 


9k 

•k 



«k 

•k 


CD 

iH 

CD 

o 

t - 1 

CM 

to 

tH 

Ch 

LO 


rH 



CD 

CD 

iH 

00 

rH 

rH 

'H 




tH 


1 —! 









CD 

IH 

CO 

CD 

CD 

LD' 

CM 

LO 

© 

1 

LO 

tH 

LO 



to 

CD 

rH 

00 

w 

o 

to 

CD 

rH 

CD 

CM 

to 

iH 

CO 

CD 

Cj 

to. 

CD. 


•k 

•k 

•k 


•V 

•k 


© 

CD 

rH 

CD 

H 

CD 


to 

tH 

CH 

CO 

p 

tH 



to 

IH 

CM 

to 



-H 

o 



rH 

H 

CM 






p 











M 











P 

I 

O 

LO 

CM 

to 

(D 

IH 

rH 

CD 

CD' 

O 

to 

•iH 

CD 

CD 

CD 

to 

CO 

CH 

H 

CO 

•H 

to 

CD 


H 

CD 


CD 

o 

iH 

CM 

p> 

CD 

iH 






•k 

•k 

•k 

p 

rH 


tH 

LO 

CH 



CD 

CD 

LO 

rH 



CM 

CD 

CD 






P 





CM 



1 

1 

1 

Pk 











o 











(P 














tH 

CD 

iH 

'it^ 

CD 

CD 

to 

CD 


i 

O 

CD 

'H 

to 

CO 

CM 

IH 

LO 

CD 


o 


rH 

CD 

CD 

CM 

to 

CO 

'i!-' 

to 


to 

05 

9k 



% 

•k 

«k 

9k 

•k 


CD 

rH 

H- 

CM-' 


. 



rH 

to 




tH 

LO 

Ch 

CM 

to 



■<}< 




rH 

CM 

LO 



1 


















rH 










to 

CD 

CM 

CD 


O 

o 

CO 




CD 

CD 

to 

O 

IH 

CD 


LO 



o 

c. 

CD 

CM 

LO 

o 

to 

CD 

LO 






•s 


«k 

«k 

•k 

•k 



CD 

CD 

CM 

rH 

o 

LO 

■r^ 

o 

CD 



rH 

CM 

CD 

CM 

CM 

CD 

CO 


CM 




IH 

H 

CM. CD 

CO 

■r^< 

H 

to 





■ ^ 

0k 





•k 




iH 

■rf 

to 





tH 


rH CM CM O CTi 

I 


'H -rcH CM CO cO 

• • • • • 

iH CM iH O CM 

I I iH 


to to CM CM ^ 


O LO CM CO CO 

I 


CM CD CC CTi 

^ 

CM LO iH (D iH 

I I 


CM CD 
CM CO 


CH to 
Ct~ LO 

•» 

LO CO 
LO 




O LO 


iH LO 


CO O 
00 O 
LO O 

•> <s 

^ CO 
CD O 


O O to I—I CM 

I I CM 


CM CD CO to O) 

O LO -H 00 iH 

CD 'tf CD LO "H 

Ck n 

O'i CM CT) CO to 

iH CM ^ rH iH 


O CO CD rH 

to O LO LO 

l>- LO CD 

•i ^ av 

CD CO LO O LO 

CM CO to CM 

CM 


O CD CM LO 

O O- C-- CO ■ 

CM CO iH CD 

^ ^ •v 

Cvi LO CM to CO 

iH rH CM CM 

I CM 


rH CM C" •ei CD 
CO CD O cn CJ 
O CV! CO CD CO 

^ ^ 

O 00 CO IP CO 
<H iH iH f 3 
I I - I ,CO 


CO CM to CD to 

CM 00 CD rH 

iH T+i to 00 O 

n ^ ^ ak 

CM CM CD 00 

to CD 

I I LO 


■'iH LO CD CM 

rH C O 00 to 

CO CM iH 

f •i 9k 9k 

00 O 00 cn H-* 

iH ,»i> C" O CD 

O C~- rH C^~- O 

ak *k 

5 rH CO 


•'^1 iH O CD to 
iH iH tH CM O 


CD CO CO "H 

CO CD LO to Dj 

CD C" 00 00 CD 

^ «v vt vv 

O l>- CM kH CD 

iH CM CD to to 


■<;f L'~ tt' LO ■ to 

to iH O to It" 

t>- -rtr D; CD tO 

ak av ai ak ak 

CO CD O CD 

CD LO to CD 


00 tH rH 

'iH CM CD 00 CD 

'iH LO O CD CD 

ak ak ak ak ak 

LO CO CO tO 

CD LO CO CD 


O O LO to CD 

O 00 00 CO 

rH CO 'iH CD 

■ak .ak ak ak ak 

LO to cb LO 

r—I L''~ I—I I—I 

I I 


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LO O 00 O CD 

CD I>- rH CM CO 

ak ak ak ar ak 

CD CD CD 

CO rH CM l>- 


CO CD LO 
rH CD ^ C'' LO 

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ak ^ 


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o 

Ph 

w 

p 

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CD CD 

ak ak 

CD to 

to rH 


Ct- 

0 5 00 
Ht CO 

ak ak 

CD 
00 rH 


CO LO' 
C'- 00 
C- CD 

ak ak 

'it^ 

to tH 


CD LO 
CD iH 

CD CD* 

ak ak 

iH 

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I I 


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l>- CO 
It' CD 

ak ak 

CM CM 
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I 


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CD C' 
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ak ak 

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ak 








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4 






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P 



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B 




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P 

u 

p 

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p; 

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o 


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p: 

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p 

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p; 

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p 

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p 

p 

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o 

cj 

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p p B " 


tJ 

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fckO'H 


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o 

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o 

cS 


o 

p 

P 

P 

p 

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& 

o 

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CO 

O W >H 

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W 

w 

w 

pin 

CD 

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fcsd 

o 

• > 

#s=H 

w o 

CD 

IH 

CO CD 

o 

rH 

CM 

to 'P LO 

CD 

IH 

CO 

CD 

o 

rH 

CM 

to 

'if 

LO 

• • 

CO 

CM 

CM 

CM CM 

CO 

to 

to 

to ,fO to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

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HH 

HI 

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kM 


'if 'if 


LO 

C'- 


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to 




Entire Country 73,114,308 8,664,291/3,860,160/4,804,131/4,713,189/3,773,763r 13. 







Table VII. JAPAN: TOTAL CH.'.NGES, NATURAL INCREASE AND MIGRiVnON BY PREFSCTUPLES, 1935 - 1940 



t) 








* 




- 3% 

> 







RESTRICTED 



C 













ft 
















4 


PJ 



























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1 

o 
















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■ 












to 


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CM 

to 

LO 

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CO 

CO 

G 

CO 

fH 

CO 


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60 

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CD 

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CM 

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CO 

CM 



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LO 


fH 

60 



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60 

CO 

G 

CO 

CD 

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CO 

to 

o 


CO 

LO 

LO 

CD 

d 



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to 









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o 


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CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

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CO 

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to 

CO 


CM 


L''- 

CO 

1-1 

d 

G 

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tP 


rH 



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fH 




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CM 






rH 





fH 





1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

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1 

1 

1 



1 

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1 

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61 


















, 











1 



















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• 




















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o 























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60 

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LO 

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CD 

00 

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CO 

CO 

O 

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CM 




M 

CD 

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to 

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to 


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CO 

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d 

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cn 

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CO 

CO 


to 

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CO 

60 

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6":) 

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CO 


CD 

CO 

rH 

rH 

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O 

G 

CO 




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1—1 

rH 

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rH 

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fH 

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rH 

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rH 


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rH 



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o 




























o 






























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rH 

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to 

00 

to 

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to 

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CD 

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o 

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LO 

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to 

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d 

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to 

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rH 










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CO 



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Pi 











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CO 

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d 

CO 

CO 

rH 

cO 

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d 

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to 




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to 

CO 

o 

CO 

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00 

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to 

CC' 

fH 

d 

G 

to 

LO 

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to 

rH 



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to 

to 

rH 


00 


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id 

fH 

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CO 

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, to 

16- 

tH 

d 

CO 

® 



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CD 


00 

o 

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o 

to 

tc- 

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05 

d 

CO 

CO 

O 


60 

60 

CD 

61 



6j: 

rH 

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CM 

to 



CD 

CM 

CD 

CM 

rH 


LTi 

•d 

to 

rH 

CM 

CM 

CM 

G 

CO 

d 

d 

CO 

to 

C 



♦fH 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

to 

CM 

1 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

rH 

1 

1 

c'. 























































































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• 





o 





















o 



o 

cn 

rH 



cr. 

CO 

C; 

O- 

C-- 

CD 

60 

rH 

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G 

C-- 

CO 

CD 

CM 

CO 

G 

G 

CD 

G 

00 


+ 

} 

PI 

C 

CD 

rH 

CD 

C'- 

rH 

CO 

t>- 

G. 

LO 

O 

60 

to 

iH 

o 

G 

o 

CO 

LO 

CO 

CO 

CM 

CD 

CO 

c. 

cS 

f 

H 

M 

O'. 

o 

lO 

o 

CD 

o 

LO 

fH 

CO 

■"d 

CD 

to 

CD 

» 

t-- 

d 

o 

to 

LO 

CO 

LO 

C-- 

C- 

LO 

o 


r* 

S 


n 

•l 


•» 

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•k 

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•6 

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n 





•i 

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c 

s 

# 

LC 

CM 

lO 

CD 

CO 

CD 

O 

CO 

O 

6- 

G5 

to 

Id 

CO 

G 

LO 

G 

iH 

CM 


G5 

CM 

o 

c- 

G 

-p 

E 


-P 

rH 

00 


05 

to 

c- 

rH 

CD 

.00 

C- 

00 

CG 

CO 

O 

CM 

CO 

rH 

CM 

d 

G 

CD 

CM 

CO 

to 

CM 

W 


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d 

CM 






fH 






60 

fH 

rH 







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rH 



w 


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CD 

o 

CM 

ID- 

fH 

CO 

CO 

8 

o 


UP 

rH 

CM 

G 

LO 

G 

O 

LO 

O.' 

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to’ 

o 

rH 

CO. 

C" 




rH 

CO 

to 

00 

60 

CO 

fH 

to 

o 


CO 

CO 

LO 

CD 

CM 

t6- 


LO 

G 

(6- 

CM 

o 

G 

00 

LO 




cj 


CO 

CO 


LO 

LO 

cr- 

o 

CD 

LO 

rH 

O 

C 

G 

CO 

CO 

16- 

C6- 

CM 

CM 

CM 

o 

CO 

rH 

t6- 




4-* 

O 


CO 

CD 

CD 


CM 

CO 

rH 

rH 

to 

G 

CM 

LO 

CO 

CC 

CO 

O 

CM 

CO 

to 

G 

CO 

60 

d 

C- 




Eh 

o 

CO 


CO 

rH 


rM 


fH 

LO 

t> 

id 

CO 

d 

CD 

CM 

rH 


rH 


CO 

c- 

o 

CM 






CM 












G 

to 


- 

1 

1 


1 



60 


1 





CM 

CD 

rH 

rH 


CM 

CO 

rH 

« 

C- 

CO 

Id 

HI 

G5 

LO 


o 

CD 

G5 

t-- 

o 

G 

o 

rH 

to 

CD 





CD 

CM 

rH 

o 

HI 

CM 

to 

G5 

LO 

LO 

to 

G 

fH 

o 

O 

G5 

rH 

LO 

CM 

o 

Oj 

CD 

o 

G 

60 





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rH 

rH 

CO 

6' 

00 

LfJ 

Cj 

e 


00 

CO 

G5 

o 

O 

CO 

d 

CD 

6- 

o 

t-. 

CO 

16- 

to 





lO 

























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to 

00 

o- 

CO 


C-- 

CD 

fH 

00 

LO 

CM 

00 

CD 

G 

o 

to 

CO 

CO 

CD 

CD 

d 

to 

G 

CM 

d 

rH 




05 

CD 

CO 


CO 

CO 

fH 

00 


G 

•sf^ 

CM 

•^1 

CD 


G 

05 

CD 


d 

iH 

CM 

fO 

CD 

C6- 

rH 




rH 

o 

CD 

o 

CM 

o 

iH 

LO 

to 

rH 

CM 

LO 

LO 

60 

CO 

G 

C-- 

t>- 

CD 

CD 

16- 

CM 

05 

CO 

rH 

16- 

























. •* 

% 


- ^ 


o 




CO 


rH 

t - 1 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

CO 

fH 

fH 





fH 

rH 

iH- 

CM 

fH 


-p 

ci 





























rH 

























• 




P- 




00 

S' 

CO 

00 

LO 

00 

rH 

o 



G 

LO 

rH 

d 

CM 

G 

CD 

d 

CD 

G 

d 

o 

CM 

CO 

G 

o 




rH 

o 

CD 

CO 


CO 

CM 

o 

to 

CM 

CO 

CM 


C- 

O 

to 

C-- 

O 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CD 

G 

CO 

t-- 

Uh 




!>• 

LO 

O- 

CM 

CM 

to 

to 

o 

to 

o 

O 

Id 

G 

G 

•ct* 

to 

CO 

G 

o 

£>• 

O 

CO 

LO 

c-- 

CD 




O 




•k 

•» 


•V 



•i 

n 


A 

% 

*k * 

•k 





•% 









CM 

o 

to 

rH 

CM 

CD 

LO 

o 

CD 

o.' 

00 

CO 

•d 

CD 

d 

CM 

16- 

CO 

CO 

O 

LO 

o 

CD 

CO 

CO 




cr> 

C- 

o 

S? 

t>- 

LO 

rH 

CM 

CM 

o 

G 

o 

00 

to 

00 

CO 

CM 

to 

d 

CD 

rH 

CD 

rH 

CD 

G 

o 




rH 

CM 

o 

o 

CM 

o 

rH 

CD 

CD 

CM 

CM 

CO 

LO 

CO 

rH 

o 

CO 


CD 

CD 

c- 

CM 

o. 

fH 








% 


•»' 

% 

•6 

«% 














K 


% 







CO 

rH 

rH 

rH 

iH 

iH 

fH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

fH 

rH 

16- 

CM 

CM 





I — 

rH 

CM 

60 

1-( 









•- 



d 












•H 











o 





d 

6 










d 





d 





® 


'd 





-P 

•H 

•H 

•H 


d 




d 




w 









•4 


•H 

•H 


•H 


d 

x 

M 

6C 


6 



d 

•P 

d- 

d 


d 

o 


o 








d 

p 

o 

60 

d 

6L’ 

w 

d 

•rt 

d 

d 

d 

o 

hE' 

d 

e- 

M 

•H 

p: 

P 


ps 

•H 


cj 



) 



o 

-p 

d 

•P 

d 

pi 

P 


g 

-P 

di 


d 

60 

d 

•H 

p 

d 

d 

PS 

N 



tc 


o 



6 



♦H 

e 


d 

.O 

a 


•H 

PI 

•H 

>5^ 


g 

6D 

<H 

•H 

a 

® 

*cd 


® 


o 

o 

s 

•iH 


d 

PJ 

fO 

P 

3 

d 


o 

d 

•H 

o 

w 

ps 

d 

d 

•H 

sz 

•H 

•H 

X 


•Pi 


K 


M 


< 



M 

E-h 

C3 

CO 

o 

Eh 

W 


E-i 

M 

[h 


is: 

■ G 

CO 

*< 


CO 


® 


























V 

4 




























Pi 































1—1 

e4 

CO 


to 

CO 

16- 

CO 

G 

o 

I—1 

CM 

LO 

d 

to 

CD 


CO 

G 

o 

rH 

CM 

to 


to 














rH 

fH 

rH 

rH 

fH 

rH 

fH 

rH 

fH 

fH 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

















Table VII. (Continued) 


~ 39 - 


RESTRICT!^ 


CO 

CO 


CD 


rH 

IP 


IP 

CO 

OJ 

rH 

IP 

o- 

IP 


OJ 

rH 

CD 

CO 


CJ 

p 

p 

p 

1 

rH 

CO 


CO 

lO 


OJ 

CO 

IP 

CO 

IP 

O 

CO 

CO 


CO 

CO 

<M 

f-1 

CO 

IP 

CO 

p 







O 














• 

• 


p 


t—1 


CO 

rH 

CO 

rH 

CD 

CO 

CO 

CD 

CO 

•H 

IP 

o 

lO 

iH 

CD 

OJ 




i 

(—) 

1—1 

1 


1—( 

rH 




rH 

rH 



rH 



pH 

rH 


rH 

rH 




1 

1 

1 

1 

1 




1 

1 


1 


i 

1 

1 

1 

1 


rH 


CO 

CO 

CO 

rH 

o 

CJ 

OD 


CC 

CO 

Ip 

CO 

rH 

c- 

CO 

CO 

CO 

l>- 

CO 

LP 

O'. 

CO 

CO 

CD 

CD 


CO 

OJ 

LO 

CO 

IP 

CC 

l>- 

o 


OJ 

CO 

OJ 

rH 


CO 

CO 

OJ 

rH 


CO 


o- 

CO 

CD 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

o 

rH 

iH 


CO 

o 

o 

o 

CD 

^0 

OJ 

CO 











rH 

rH 

rH 



rH 

iH 

iH 


rH 

fH 



O 

OJ 

o 

iH 

CO 

o. 

CO 

CD 

DO 

CD 



CO 

o 

CO 


CO 


CO 

i^o 

LP 


OJ 

CO 


o 

OJ 

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CO 


o 

CO 

[>- 

CD 

to 

CO 

rH 


CD 

0 ~ 

IP 

CO 

CJ 

iH 


tH 

CD 

o 

o 

OJ 

rH 

o 

C- 

CO 

OJ 


OJ 

rH 

CO 


O 

OJ 

rH 

CtO 

O 

CO 


OJ 

iH 



1 

1 

: 


rH 

I 

1 


1 

OJ 


tH 

1 

1 


1 

1 


O O 

^ oj 

Q> 

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CQ 4^ 

a 

G) O 
5- -P 
o 

c o 

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Cj 

Cl 

I—I o 

C -H 

Sh -p 
C P 
o 
P- 
o 
p 


c 


o 

tD- 

CO 

1—1 


CD 

CO 

H 

(D- 

H 

o 

CO 

OJ 

O' 

O 

O' 

o- 

CO 

o 

H 

CO iH 

rH 

cj 

u 

OL 

P 

o 

CO 

o 

t>- 

tC' 

HI 

CO 

CJ 

LP 

t- 

Hi 

iH 

CO 

CD 

o- 

CO 


CD 

CO 

Oi 

IP CD 


w 

<< 

OJ 

OJ 

co 

o 

IP 

iH 

CO 

OJ 

O 

CD 

OJ 

I>~ 

IP 

tso 

OJ 


CD 

CO 

CO 

O' O- 

-P 

d 

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•» 


.k 

•« 

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n 


.> 

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•V 

•* 

.k 

•k 

•k 


•k 

•k 



o 

p 

IP 

CC 

CO 

CO 

t>- 

CO 

CO 

CO 

H 

1-1 

CO 

CD 

H 

rH 

iH 

o 

IT 

o 


o 

CD tH 

p 

P 

CO 

cO 

O' 

CJ 

DO 

OJ 

CO 

IP 

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CD 

H 

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IP 

C'J 

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CD 

IP 

H 

CD H 

Ch 

p 

1 

to 

iH 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 


1 

1 

1 

1 

CJ 

1 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

p 

p 

fp 

P 

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IP 

IP 

LP 

CD 

iH 

CO 

H 

LP 

LP 

CO 

CD 

H 

CD 

CO 

CO 

o- 

CO 


0' 

o 

O' 

CO 

CO 

LP 

O' 

o 

CO 

O' 

LP 

CO 

H 

CJ 

O 

LP 

CO 

o 

LP 

CO 

CO 

CD 

0- 

OJ 

LP 

t'~ 

CO 

LP 

o- 

CD 

O 

H 

Pj 

LP 

00 

CO 

CD 

CD 

LP 

CD 

G) 

CO 

O' 

o 

rH 

00 

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00 

■k 

.k 

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•k 

«k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 


•k 

•k 

.k 

.k 

•k 

•k 

.k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

OJ 

o- 

iH 

CO 

CO 

CJ 

iH 

LP 

CO 

C\i 

CO 

o 

CO 

LP 

CO 

IP 

O' 

CJ 

O' 

CO 

O' 

00 

CO 

IP 

OJ 

CJ 

CO 

CJ 

CO 

LP 

O' 


to 

H 

CO 

OJ 

CJ 

C<0 

CD 

O' 


IP 

CD 

CJ 


00 

H 

CD 

iH 

O' 

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CD 

O' 

CO 

OJ 

CO 

CD 

CO 

o 

H 

O' 

CP 


CO 

rH 

CD 

H 

o 

O' 

H 

L'' 

CO 

CO 

rH 

H 

tH 

H 

H 

LP 

OD 

CO 

O 

iH 

00 

LP 

LP 

CP 

CO 

CTj 

LP 

iH 

OJ 

H 

o 


iH 

CD 

O'J 

LP 

O' 

CO 

CO 

CD 

CO 

iH 

CO 

o 

H 

H 

H 

H 

•k 


•k 

•k 


•k 

•k 


•k 

•k 

•k 

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•k 


•k 

•k 

. •k 

•k 

•k 

•k 

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•k 

OJ 

O' 

CO 

O 

H 

O 

O' 

OJ 

H 

O 

CO 

CO 

HH 

^•M 

LP 

CD 

CD 

O' 

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RESTRICTED 

TABLE Vlil- RESCjLTS OF 3-29 ATT..CKS 


Based on 

reconnaissance photo 

graphs the 

record of the B-29 

inccndia.ry 

attacks ar^ainst t 

■ho urba.n industrial 

areas, of Jo 

ipan was* asVfollovrs 

• 

• 



No. of 

Sq. Miles 


Place 

Population 

Attacks 

Burned 

Percent 




Out 

Destroyed 

Tokyo area 

9,094,600* • 


110,80' 

50.8 

Nagoya area 

1., 250,000* 

5 

39.60 

31.2 

Osaka area. 

3,252,340 p 

4 

59.80 

25.6 

Kobe area. 

1,006,300 

3 

15.70 

56 

K.a.wasaki area 

300,000 

1 

11.30 

32.3 

Yokohama, c.rca 

866,200 

* 

20.20 

44 

Ama.gasaki 

200,000 

2 

6; 82 • 

11 

Haiiiama.tsu - 

165,000 • 

i 

4.29 

70 

Kagoshima. > 

131,000 

1 

4.87 

44.1 

Yokkaichi 

102,000 

1 

3.51 

35 

Onuta 

177,000 

2 

5.20 

40 

FxAcuoka 

323,217 

1 

6.50 

21.5 

Toyohashi 

242,000 

1 

3.50 

52 

Shizuoka 

212,000 

■ 1 

3.50 

. 66 

Okayama 

165,000 

1 

3.38 

63 

Sasebo 

206,000 

1 

2.34 

42 

Moji 

140,000 

1 

1.12 

28.8 

Nobeoka 

8o;ooo 

1 

1.43 

•36 

Kuro 

238,000 

1 

3; 26 

46 

Kuiaamoto 

210,000 

1 

4.80 

,20.8 

Shimonoseki 

196,000 

1 

. -1.42 

36 

Ube 

100,000 

1 

1.80 

23 

Takajaatsu 

111,000 

1 

1.80 

78 

Kochi 

106,000 

1 

1.90 

48 

Himoji 

104,000 

1 

1.92 

76.7 

Tokushima ' 

120,000 

1 

• 2.30 

74 

Chiba 

75,000 ■ ’ 

1 

1.98 

43.4 

Akashi 

47,750 

1 

•> 1.73 

63.5 ; 

Kefu 

.102,000 

1 

2.00 

65 - 

Shimizu 

69,000 

1 

1.41 

62 

Sei-dai 

223,630 

1 

4.53 

27 

Sakai 

182,147 

1 

. 2.32 

44 

Aal:ayama 

195,203 

1 

•4.00 . 

52 

GiTu 

172,340 

1 

2.60 

74 

UtsuiiOmiya 

88,000 

1 

2.75 

34 

Ichinordya 

50,000 

2 

1.28 

76 

T suruga 

31,000 

1 

1.13 

. 68 • • 

Uv/a jina 

52,000 

, 2 . . 

'.93 

52 

Kuvvana 

' 42,000 

1 

.82 

78.2 

Nama.zu 

55,000 

1 

1.40 

89.5 

Hiratsukr. 

43,000 

1 

2.48 

41.9 

Oita 

76,000 

1 

2.20 

25.2 

Hitachi 

82,000 

2 

1.38 

78.2 

• 

* Figure missing 

• 



' ^ 



• • , 

• - . . RESTIIICTED ’ . 



- 41 - RESTRICTED 

Tii.3LE VIII - Continued 




No, of 

Sq. Miles 


Place 

Population 

Attacks 

Burned 

Percent 




Out 

Destroye 

Choshi 

61,000 

1 

1.12 

43.1 

Fukui 

100,000 

1 

1.90 

84 

Okazaki 

84,000 

1 

.95 

68 

Matsuyama 

120,000 

1 

1.67 

73 

Tokuyama 

40,000 

1 

1.27 

53.5 

Tsu 

68,000 

1 

1.48 

71.1 

ixomori 

100,000 

1 

2.08 

29** 

Ujiyamada 

52,000 

1 

.93 

39 

Ogaki 

35,000 

1 

1.38 

38 

Ha.chio ji 

75,000 

1 

1.40 

80 

Teyama. 

27,000 

1 

1.88 

99.5 

Nagaoka 

70,000 

1 

1.33 

66.5 

Mi to 

66,500 

1 

2.20 

61.3 

Saga 

50,000 

1 

1.20 

— 

Maebashi 

87,000 

1 

2.36 

40 

Nishinomiya area 

300,000 

1 

9.1 

— 

Imabari 

55,000 

1 

.94 

76 

Yawa.ta 

243,500 

1 

5.78 

21 

Fukuyama 

57,000 

1 

1.20 

73.3 


** Proliiriinary estimate 


RESTRICTED 










CHART I 

POPULATION OF JAPAN, 1935, BY FIVE-YEAR AGE GROUPS (in millions) 


RESTRICTED 



RESTRICTED 


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CHART It 

ESTIMATED POPULATION OF JAPAN, 1945, BY FIVE-YEAR AGE GROUPS (IN miluons) 


RESTRICTED 


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